I n a recent paper in this journal, Zhou et al. 1 reported the experimental solubility data of (Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetic acid (a pharmaceutical intermediate compound) in water, methanol, ethanol, glycol, and 1-propanol and the binary mixtures of water + methanol, water + ethanol, and water + glycol at different temperatures using a laser monitoring technique. The authors correlated the solubility data in binary solvent mixtures at various temperatures using a modified version of the Jouyban−Acree model and reported the accuracy of calculations using the mean percentage deviation (MPD) values computed by
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) or Pharmasolve is very strong solubilizing agent and it has important applications in different fields of industry. This review presents NMP physicochemical characteristics, application especially in pharmaceutical sciences, pharmacokinetic and toxicity. Characteristics of NMP such as physicochemical properties, solubilization efficacy, toxicity and adverse effects were compared with other common solvents used in the pharmaceutical industries. This review reveals that NMP is an acceptable pharmaceutical solvent and its efficacy, toxicity, and side effects are comparable with other common solvent.
First cases that
point at a correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infections
and the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been reported.
Currently, it is unclear if there is also a direct causal link between
these diseases. To obtain first insights into a possible molecular
relation between viral infections and the aggregation of α-synuclein
protein into amyloid fibrils characteristic for PD, we investigated
the effect of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 proteins on α-synuclein
aggregation. We show, in test tube experiments, that SARS-CoV-2 spike
protein (S-protein) has no effect on α-synuclein aggregation,
while SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N-protein) considerably speeds
up the aggregation process. We observe the formation of multiprotein
complexes and eventually amyloid fibrils. Microinjection of N-protein
in SH-SY5Y cells disturbed the α-synuclein proteostasis and
increased cell death. Our results point toward direct interactions
between the N-protein of SARS-CoV-2 and α-synuclein as molecular
basis for the observed correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infections and
Parkinsonism.
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