Lebanon has been suffering from severe challenges in its electric sector for decades owing to chronic supply shortages and faults in its aging power grid infrastructure. The deplorable situation of the Lebanese electric sector has been made worse by the economic meltdown that started in 2019, which eventually led to total power blackouts across the country. In this paper, we present a case study on the design and implementation of a solar microgrid system for Beirut Arab University, Lebanon. As a first step, simulation software for a microgrid and a distributed generation power system is used to compare different design scenarios. Considering the available installation area and the fact that the greatest demand occurs during the daytime, when both the educational and managerial facilities are running, it is found that a 500-kW photovoltaic system tied to the university’s already present diesel generators is the optimal solution in terms of return on investment. The second step details the actual implementation of the system in the Beirut campus and the evaluation of the system’s performance in terms of diesel cost savings and emissions reduction. We expect that the results of this case study will encourage other institutions and communities to adopt sustainable and renewable energy sources.
Aim of the work: The current work aimed was for the evaluation of extra-capsular resection of hypophysis adenoma for complete total resection and preservation of hypophysis function. Patients and Methods: This was descriptive prospective study that assessed and evaluated patients who has been diagnosed as hypophysis adenoma and undergoing trans-sphenoidal surgery as for preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative evaluation away from exclusion criteria. The study was carried out at Neurosurgery Dep. of Al-Azhar University Hospital "Al-Hussein" and "Bab El-Shaeria. It was carried out on 30 patients. Result: operative time ranged 90 -210 minutes, meanwhile hospital stay ranged 3 -7 days. 83.3% of them had Soft suckable tumour. 40% of them had Partial resection. 16.7% of them had distinct pseudo capsular identification. 6.66 % of them have En bloc capsulectomy and 13.3% had fragmented capsulectomy. Conclusion:The trans-sphenoidal pseudo capsule-built extra-capsular resection method delivers more effective and safer treatment than the traditional intra-capsular method, with a elevated tumour removals and remission rates, and lesser recurrence rates, being difficult to achieve except certain circumstance like a small tumour and longer operative time to clearly dissect the tumour from the gland.
Background: There is a risk of infection in surgical wounds healing by secondary intention (SWHSI) that may affect its treatment. There have been very limited clinical studies done on SWHSI, thus the current study was aimed to assess the prevalence of SWHSI and to characterize its etiology and management in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A cross‐sectional survey was conducted by collecting data from patients who had at least one SWHSI receiving treatment in primary, secondary, and community settings in Saudi Arabia. After 2 months, a follow up was performed on the patients based on their SWHSI, clinical, and treatment details. Results: A total of 100 patients participated in the study with at least one SWHSI. The majority of patients were males (65%), while 35% were females. The majority of patients had one SWHSI, 40 patients had two SWHSI, 13 patients had three SWHSI, while only 7 patients had four SWHSI. The most common SWHSI, according to the type of surgical specialty, were colorectal (50%) and orthopedic (40%) followed by plastics (25%), vascular (22%), and upper GI (20%). SWHSI wounds that were planned to heal by secondary intention were for nearly two‐thirds of SWHSI in colorectal (0%), and more than half of vascular (12%) surgeries. The partially dehisced wound was commonly found in plastic surgery (12%) and upper GI (10%). However, the fully dehisced wound was most common in orthopedic (11%). Conclusion: This study was the first of its kind to look into the extent, nature, and treatment of SWHSI in Saudi Arabia. The study concluded that SWHSI was common in men more than women and were associated with colorectal and orthopedic surgeries.
Background:Hematuria has a wide prevalence rate in the population so it is a common reason for imaging of the urinary tract. Hematuria has many causes from urinary tract infections to malignancy. Imaging has a major role in the investigation of hematuria for determining the underlying cause and influencing management. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly valuable tools for assessing the urinary tract in adults and children. However, their imaging capabilities, while overlapping in some respects, should be considered as complementary, as each technique offers specific advantages and disadvantages both in actual inherent qualities of the technique and in specific patients and with a specific diagnostic question. Use of CT and MRI should therefore be tailored according to the patient conditions and the clinical question. The present review aim toclarify role of CT and MRI for assessment and diagnosis of causes of hematuria and to study the CT and MRI features of various etiologies causing hematuria.
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