Background: Theory-oriented interventions play a key role in promoting people's QOL and preventing the risk of immobility. Given this key role and due to the critical nature of nurses' professional duties, this study was performed. Objective: The study aimed to determine the effect of a TTM-based intervention on level of physical activity in ICU nurses working at hospitals affiliated to Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This randomized controlled trial first selected 82 nurses through the census method in order to determine their SOC, then assigned 68 nurses who were in the first three stages to case and control groups. Valid and reliable data collection tools were used, including a demographic questionnaire and TTM constructs (SOC, GPAQ, SE, DB, and POC). Path analysis of data was performed by Lisrel-8.80. The inter-correlation matrix was determined within the model's constructs and between the constructs and the level of physical activity in order to design and implement the intervention. Two-stage assessment was performed, once immediately after the intervention and again six months later. The data obtained were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: 82.9% of the participants were in the first three stages of TTM. Immediately after the intervention, 55.9% were in the preparation stage, 44.1% in the pre-contemplation stage, and 76.5% in the contemplation stage. Before the intervention, only 26.5% were in the preparation and 44.1% in pre-contemplation stages. There was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0001) between the control and case groups immediately and six months after the intervention. Conclusion: TTM-based intervention led to the subjects' placement in higher levels of SOC.
The purpose of this paper is to identify risk factors for decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) in a population of 12–15-year-old schoolchildren and to apply the marginalized zero-inflated negative binomial (MZINB) model for determination and estimation of the overall effects of the risk factors. A cross-sectional survey comprising 764 students aged between 12 and 15 years was used to analyze the association between caries in children and some background characteristics in children and their parents. Information on the samples’ social, behavioral, and demographic status was obtained through a series of closed questions. The incidence rate ratios (IRR) were used to associate some risk factors with caries. In the entire sample, the frequency of zero was 194 (25.4%). The result of the shared-parameter marginalized zero-inflated negative binomial (SP-MZINB) model showed that being a girl (IRR = 1.18; p value = 0.021), higher dental visits frequency (IRR = 1.20; p value <0.001), lower tooth brushing frequency (IRR = 0.91; p value = 0.019), higher flossing frequency (IRR = 1.11; p value = 0.001), and lower mothers’ education (IRR = 0.89; p value = 0.042) are associated with DMFT. Our results may provide better insights of the factors associated with DMFT, and health programs should focus their efforts on healthcare services, for both preventive and curative purposes. This regression model provides an appropriate fit and meaningful interpretation to handling zero-inflated count outcomes. Also, it provides direct estimates of the effects of risk factors on the overall mean that does not require postmodeling computations.
Introduction: Substance use disorder is one of the most critical social problems in Iran. For this disorder, weneed a proper assessment tool based on our indigenous culture. Objective: This study assesses the factor structure and psychometric properties of 10-item and 20-item Persian versions of Drug Abuse Screening Tests (DAST-10 and DAST-20). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we randomly selected 200 participants referred to addiction treatment centers in Rasht City, Iran. After translation to Persian and back-translation to English, the face and content validity of DAST-10 and DAST-20 Persian versions were evaluated using the opinions of a panel of expertsand calculatingthe content validity ratio and content validity index. Then, the construct validity was evaluated by Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA), the Cronbach α coefficient was used for assessing internal consistency, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used for assessing test-retest reliability. Results: The Mean±SD age of participants was 39.02±11.67 years. The majority (50%) were in the age range of 30-50 years. Based on the CFA fit indices, the two instruments had a good fit to the data, confirming the theoretical model Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) (RMSEA for DAST-20=0.080; RMSEA for DAST-10=0.055). The Cronbach α values of DAST-20 and DAST-10 were 0.772 and 0.749, respectively, indicating their good and acceptable internal consistency. Their test-retest reliability was reported at 0.997 and 0.995 based on the results of ICC, respectively. There was a strong and significant positive correlation between the scores of Persian DAST-20 and DAST-10 (r=0.851, P=0.001). Conclusion: The DAST-20 and DAST-10 Persian versions which after correcting the model using confirmatory factor analysis, they were studies in DAST-8 and DAST-16 have good validity and reliability and can be used for screening the possible involvement of drugs in Iranian samples.
Burn injuries are one of the most important health challenges worldwide, resulting in long hospital stays and a heavy financial burden on patients, families and communities (Herndon, 2012). They are the fourth most common type of trauma worldwide, following traffic accidents, falls and interpersonal violence (Knowlin et al., 2016).Annually, burns result in more than 7.1 million injuries and loss of almost 18 million disability adjusted life years (DALYs) (Rybarczyk et al., 2016). A total of 195,000 deaths are reported annually due to burn injuries worldwide, more than 95% of which occur in developing countries (Herndon, 2012). In Iran, burns are one of the most common forms of trauma and the seventh most important cause of disease burden due to injuries (Emami et al., 2016).Despite advances in the treatment of burn injuries, they still result in metabolic changes, complications and undesirable effects that may influence the entire body (Townsend et al. 2016). In general, the outcomes of burn injuries can be categorized into short-term,
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