Ownership structure is an influential factor on firm policies. One of these policies is dividend policy. Therefore, a significant relationship between ownership structure and dividend policy is expected. This paper examined the relationship between dividend policy and ownership structure in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2000 to 2007. In this study, four regression models were used. Institutional ownership was negatively associated with dividend payout. It indicated that the presence of institutional investors results in less usage from dividend as a signal for good corporate performance. Moreover, positive relationship was founded between dividend payout and concentrated institutional ownership. However, there was not a significant relationship between managerial ownership and dividend payout.
The main goal of this study is to analyze the relation between ownership centralization and institutional ownership with the earning quality. Studying factors which influence the earning quality can lead to better decision making by investors and it is finally arise by public awareness and also leads to proper resource allocation. Different ownership structures influence differently performance of company, earning quality, degree and manner of management control and so on. Research sample consists of the listed firms in Tehran stock exchange during 2006-2010. Independent variable in this study is ownership centralization and institutional ownership. Dependent variables (the six criteria for evaluating the earning quality) areas follows: operating cash ratio to operating earnings, accruals volume, persistent growth rate of earning, gross earnings ratio, earning persistence, receivable accounts quality. Linear regression and correlation analysis, Fisher test and t-testate used for examining the research hypotheses. Subsidiary hypotheses tests show that there is a significant relation between ownership centralization with persistent growth rate of earning and earning consistent and institutional ownership with gross earnings ratio and earning persistence, but there is no significant relation between ownership centralization and institutional ownership with the other criteria for evaluating earning quality. In general, results show that there is a positive (direct) relation between ownership centralization and institutional ownership with earning quality index, but it is not so significant
Control problem in a biological system is the problem of finding an interventional policy for changing the state of the biological system from an undesirable state, e.g. disease, into a desirable healthy state. Boolean networks are utilized as a mathematical model for gene regulatory networks. This paper provides an algorithm to solve the control problem in Boolean networks. The proposed algorithm is implemented and applied on two biological systems: T-cell receptor network and Drosophila melanogaster network. Results show that the proposed algorithm works faster in solving the control problem over these networks, while having similar accuracy, in comparison to previous exact methods. Source code and a simple web service of the proposed algorithm is available at
http://goliaei.ir/net-control/www/
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