Background: The use of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) has achieved extensive importance in the management of Cardiovascular diseases, in order to minimize post-PCI complications. Patients are restricted to bed rest for various periods to prevent vascular complications. Prolonged bed rest may accompany patient's discomfort such as back pain, fatigue, dissatisfaction and other patient outcomes.Objective: The aim of this paper was to highlight the effect of prolonged bed rest after the PCI procedure in terms of vascular complications and other patient outcomes, and to emphasize the importance of early ambulation post-PCI.Method: Descriptive design has been used with multiple times measurement to assess the impact of prolonging bed rest after percutaneous coronary intervention. 30 patients were selected to describe selected patients' outcomes including low back pain, puncture site pain, fatigue, comfort, satisfaction, urinary discomfort, hematoma, and bleeding using visual analogue scale (VAS).Results: This paper recommends that early ambulation after percutaneous coronary intervention is safe and practical, consequently leading to higher levels of satisfaction and comfort and lower level of fatigue, low back pain and urinary discomfort without jeopardizing patient safety.

Heart failure is considered as a chronic disease and the management of such condition is complex and challenging. Nurses play a significant role in managing heart failure by enhancing self-care practices among patients. This paper aims to evaluate evidence from the literature regarding nurses level of knowledge about the educational principles in heart failure. The nine selected studies included a total number of 1181 patients. These studies were conducted in the USA and Europe from 2002 until 2019.the uniqueness of those selected studies that all the authors use the same instrument titled “nurses knowledge of heart failure education principles”. The results revealed that there was an inconsistency in the level of knowledge among nurses in hospital-based, ambulatory, primary care or home care settings. More randomized studies are needed to solve this discrepancy. The level of knowledge ranged from (60.4-79.85%). Six topics have been identified as areas of weakness in which education is needed. Educating nurses in different settings is the gold stander to raise their level of knowledge which in turn will be in a better position to provide a high level of education for patients in order to alleviate their suffering, improve the quality of life and reduce the frequent hospitalization.

The use of antimicrobial central catheter is common in clinical practice to prevent catheter colonization, therefore preventing catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSI). This paper aims to evaluate evidence from the literature in order to illustrate the effectiveness of one of the most common antimicrobial central catheters, chlorhexidine/silver sulfadiazine central venous catheter, in the prevention of bacterial colonization and CRBSI. Several studies have been selected including randomized control trails (RCTs), meta-analysis and systematic review. The seven RCTs included a total number of 2346 catheters. The patients were either assigned to an intervention group (silver-impregnated central venues catheter) or a control group (standard catheter). These studies were conducted in the USA, Europe, Australia and Brazil from 2004 until 2012. The results revealed that there was a discrepancy in the effectiveness of using silver-impregnated central venous catheter in prevention of catheter colonization and catheter- related bloodstream infection. More recent randomized studies are needed to solve this discrepancy, with a focus on following of infection control measures as the golden standard to prevent colonization and reduction of CRBSI.