In this study, linear and non-linear static analysis of low-rise models representing two-bay two-story and three-bay three-story reinforced concrete framed structures designed as per Indian standard codes (IS 450:2000 and IS 1893:2016 for the high seismic region using Envelope loading combination are assessed with and without the Guidelines of U.S. (GSA) General Services Administration. The purpose of this study is to describe the applicability of Finite Element software in assessing the behavior of seismically designed low rise structure before and after losing vertical structural element column with and without considering dynamic increase factor, and the results indicate demand resistance ratios acquired from elastic linear analysis and the hinge formation pattern obtained from non-linear elastic analysis are similar for Envelope loading combination and GSA loading combination, thus the dynamic increase factor of 2 recommended by the U.S. General Services Administration guidelines for static analysis can be underestimated for low-rise reinforced concrete framed models designed seismically as far as progressive collapse resistance is considered, since both types of loading combinations (in which one combination considers only normal design load path method while the other combination considers alternate load path methods) acquire same type of results, thus confirms seismically designed low rise models does possess inherent property towards progressive collapse resistance. This study provides a good example and summary for the construction industry and can be used by design engineers while designing low-rise progressive collapse-resistant structures.
It has been observed that near fault ground motion consists of different characteristics compared with the far fault ground motions. In this paper, the near fault ground motion due to dip-slip surface faults using 3D Applied element method is studied. Using AEM, the crack initiation and propagation can be modelled in reasonable time by using the available parallel computing power. The main advantage of this method of modelling is the ability of crack initiation based on the material failure and propagation of crack till the collapse. This method is used for studying the spatial variation of ground motion due to seismic bedrock displacement at the bedrock level. The influence of dip angle and the presence of lower velocity layer on the near fault ground motion is also studied. It has been noted that in all cases with different fault dip angle, there is greater ground motion on the hanging wall side compared with the ground motion of foot wall side. This effect is due to two important reasons. First, the points on the hanging wall are closer to the fault plane and secondly, the trapped seismic energy in the wedge shape hanging wall leads to multiple reflections. The results from different dip angles indicate that the near fault ground motion is sensitive to the dip angle. Variation of peak ground acceleration with site natural period has also been studied. Systematic decrease in the response is seen with the increase in the site natural period.
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