Since ancient times, wind energy has been exploited in various fields, it was at the beginning used to rotate pumps for the purposes of agriculture and irrigation. At the beginning of the 18th century, wind turbines began to produce electricity with modest capacities. In the following years, the capacities of the turbines increased and it became necessary to deal with this increase by reducing losses and inventing new designs for turbines Suitable for working conditions and installation location. The rotor power coefficient in a wind turbine can reach 0.59 which is called the bets limit. The vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) design was invented for working conditions, capacities, and places, in which it may be difficult to install older Horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT). The efficiency of the HAWT is still higher than the VAWT, in addition, the amount of efficiency in the HAWT is greater than the VAWT by 25% but the VAWT has the amount of torque more than the HAWT. The main objective of this research is to compare the VAWT and the HAWT, taking into account several aspects which have been reviewed to try to understand the importance of the two designs.
The objects of the study are solar modules. The world has witnessed a change in all aspects of life, especially in the last period, when the world witnessed an increase in the demand for energy and all regions. Here the imperfection appeared in meeting the energy needs, just as the traditional sources (oil, coal, and natural gas), for example, are no longer hope as they are non-renewable sources. In addition to these sources, to exploit the energy in them, we must burn, which pollutes the environment, in addition to the cost of transportation. Not long ago, solar energy began to produce electricity through photovoltaic modules, and competition began to make photovoltaic modules with higher efficiency. The main aim of this study is to clarify the concept of bifacial photovoltaic modules and show some differences between them and monofacial photovoltaic modules. The current report consists of the definition of bifacial photovoltaic modules and their most important specifications, comparing them with monofacial photovoltaic modules, which are the best, the factors affecting their energy production, and the type of radiation used in each type. In fact, the utilization of albedo radiation for monofacial photovoltaic modules does not exceed 2 %, while this percentage is exceeded in bifacial photovoltaic modules. So, it can be recommended here that the trend to use bifacial photovoltaic modules can be economical and space-saving space because it produces more amount of electricity for the same unit area, which in turn this spaces it available for other applications, and also, increase the amount of electricity due to the increase in the effective side size (two sides: one upwards and the other is downward) of the solar modules.
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