The aim of this study was to carry out the metabolic profile comparison between follicular fluid and serum in normal cows and those affected by ovarian cysts (OC). After slaughtering, blood samples and follicular fluids from normal and cystic animals were collected and assayed using commercial kits to determine the concentrations of metabolites (glucose, total protein, total cholesterol, cortisol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine and insulin) and the liver enzymes activity. Data showed that OC were characterized by low levels of glucose, total protein, cholesterol and cortisol in cystic fluid, while urea concentrations were high compared to normal follicular fluid (P<0.001). On the other hand, serum assays of cystic animals revealed very low values of insulin and urea, whereas cortisol levels were relatively high in comparison with the serum of normal cows (P<0.001). Significant correlations between the serum and follicular fluid concentrations of normal cows were found for glucose (r=0.49), total cholesterol (r=0.31), cortisol (r=0.38) and total protein (r=0.63). The highest correlation was found for urea (r=0.86). On contrary, weak correlations were observed between metabolites concentrations in cystic fluid and in serum for normal and cystic cows. In conclusion, OC grow and persist in a metabolic environment, which differs from follicular fluid to blood. These changes may act together and/or separately to ensure the continuous development of OC. To understand a part of the mechanism, the authors propose a deep study about blood-follicle-barrier.
A clinical study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic methods for ovarian cysts (OC), and to determine the metabolic profiles of animals with OC in the region of Mitidja in the North of Algeria. A total of 504 non-pregnant lactating cows were used in this study. Ultrasonography was performed by EXAGO scanner and was combined with assessment of serum P4. Biochemical serum parameters were assayed by spectrophotometry and insulin and cortisol serum measurement was performed by electrochemiluminescence. The results showed an overall incidence of 11.9% of OC. The incidence of OC was higher among cows in third lactation. Holstein breed was the most affected by OC compared with other breeds (P<0.001). There were no effects of average BCS (Body Condition Scoring) and milk production on the incidence of OC (P>0.05). OC were single in 91% of cases. They were found mainly on the right ovary (66.66%). Seasonality had a significant influence on incidence rate of OC with higher incidence rates during winter and spring (71.66%); while, 28.33% of OC were detected during the summer and autumn (P<0.05). OC were associated with low serum concentrations of glucose, insulin and urea as well as high levels of cortisol. Ultrasound examination and progesterone assays were proposed as the most effective diagnostic combination to diagnose OC. In conclusion, in addition to hormonal imbalances, metabolic disorders are involved in the formation and/or persistence of OC. Therefore, the use of metabolic indicators in understanding and exploration of OC is of great interest. Keywords: Cow, Ovarian cyst, Metabolic profile, Ultrasonography Sütçü İneklerde Ovaryum Kistlerinin Tanısı ve Metabolik Profili Üzerine Bir Çalışma ÖzetOvaryum kistlerinin tanısında kullanılan metotları değerlendirmek ve Cazayir'in kuzeyindeki Mitidja bölgesindeki ovaryum kistli hayvanların metabolik profillerini belirlemek amacıyla klinik bir çalışma gerçekleştirildi. Toplam 504 gebe olmayan laktasyondaki inekler bu çalışmada kullanıldı. EXAGO tarayıcı kullanılarak ultrasonografi uygulandı ve serum P4 verileri ile birlikte değerlendirildi. Biyokimyasal serum parametreleri spektrofotometri ile belirlenirken insülin ve kortizol serum ölçümleri elektrokimyasal görüntüleme ile gerçekleştirildi. Ovaryum kist insidansı %11.9 olarak belirlendi. Ovaryum insidansı üçüncü laktasyondaki ineklerde daha fazla oranda tespit edildi. Diğer türler ile karşılaştırıldığında Holstein ırkında ovaryum kisti daha fazla oranda gözlemlendi (P<0.001). Ovaryum kisti üzerine Vücut Kondisyon Skorunun bir etkisi gözlemlenmedi (P>0.05). Ovaryum kisti, vakaların %91'inde tek taraflı olarak tespit edildi. Kistler çoğunlukla (%66.66) sağ ovaryumda yer almaktaydı. Mevsimin ovaryum kistlerinin ortaya çıkmasında önemli bir etkiye neden olduğu, kış ile ilkbahar aylarında (%71.66) insidansın arttığı yaz ve sonbaharda ise düşük seviyede (%28.33) olduğu belirlendi (P<0.05). Ovaryum kistlerinin düşük glukoz, insülin ve üre ile yüksek kortizol serum konsantrasyonları ile ilişkili olduğu belirlendi. Ult...
The aim of this study was to determine genital organ disorders in 2025 cows at El-Harrach abattoir in the capital of Algeria and to describe the microscopic changes associated with these cases. The results obtained showed a high incidence of slaughtered pregnant cows (16.49%). Majority of these cases were at the early gestation. The most frequently encountered defects were ovarian cyst, uterine infection, and inflammatory salpinx, which proved that contamination and infection are always present in the cowsheds from where animals were brought. Other observed abnormalities were cervicitis, mucometra, double cervix, unicornis uterus, horn malformation, uterine tumour, triple cervix (which is a new finding in the world), salpinx adhesion, pyosalpinx, hydrosalpinx, ovarobursal adhesion, ovarian inactivity, ovarian inflammatory changes, ovarian tumour and parovarian cysts. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı Cezayir'in başşehrinde yer alan El-Harrach kesimevinde kesilen 2025 inekte gözlenen genital kanal bozukluklarını belirlemek ve bu vakalarla alakalı mikroskopik değişiklikleri tanımlamaktır. Sonuçlar çok sayıda gebe hayvanın (%16.49) kesime gönderildiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu vakaların da çoğu gebeliğin erken dönemlerindeydi. En sık karşılaşılan bozukluklar ovaryum kistleri, uterus enfeksiyonu ve salfinks yangısıydı. Bu durum kesim için getirilen hayvanların getirildikleri ahırlarda enfeksiyonun ve kontaminasyonun sürekli olduğunu göstermekteydi. Diğer gözlenen bozukluklar servisitis, mukometra, çift serviks, unicornis uterus, rahim boynuz malformasyonları, uterus tümörü, triple serviks (yeni bir bulgu olarak), salfinks yapışması, pyosalfinks, hidrosalfinks, ovarobursal yapışma, ovaryum inaktivitesi, ovaryumun yangısal değişimleri, ovaryum tümörü ve parovarian kistler olarak kaydedildi.
Ovarian cysts (OC) are one of the major factors affecting the fertility of dairy cattle due to their negative effects on reproductive performances, causing great economic losses. They have been traditionally defined as anovulatory follicular structures with a diameter exceeding 20 or 25 mm, lasting at least 10 days on the ovary in the absence of a functional corpus luteum. However, in recent years, the development of ovarian ultrasound and hormonal assays, particularly progesterone (P4), have provided additional information, thus changing the definition of this disease. These methods were proposed as the most effective combination for the diagnosis of OC. Treatments are primarily based on the use of different hormones or hormonal associations. Particularly, the standard treatment is GnRH. PGF2α is very effective in the case of luteal cyst. However, treatment failures observed with commonly administered hormones require the use of second-line treatments. Therefore, the Ovsynch protocol and progestogen appear to be a possible alternative in OC treatment. In order to prevent OC formation and to reduce OC incidence, strategies should focus on reducing diseases and stress and optimizing food intake during dry-off and post-partum (PP) periods. Medical prevention has been proposed with the same substances commonly used in treatment (GnRH, PGF2α).
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