The spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) has led the majority of countries worldwide to implement emergency lockdown plans to limit the spread of the virus; this has resulted in the interruption of on-campus school and university instruction. Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in medical education have varied from country to country, from closures of medical schools to online/distance learning approaches to abiding by country-specific measures such as social distancing to stop the spread of the disease. The sudden transition from on-campus learning to exclusively distance learning is challenging for both faculty and students and has required a lot of preparation and other efforts in a short time. This paper aims to share the experiences of four authors in the middle east that have dealt with the sudden transition from ordinary teaching and learning to fully online teaching. The process of Curriculum delivery in Medical Education during an emergency has included; establishing a sense of urgency, establishing working teams, conducting needs assessments, developing implementation plans, communicating the curriculum content, capacity building, managing students' stress, finding tools to be used, managing student engagement and motivation, student assessment, anticipating challenges and planning for how to overcome them, and monitoring and evaluation of curriculum implementation and continuous improvement. The proposed process will hopefully assist the medical schools in response to the current pandemic (COVID-19) and when facing similar situations.
Aims & objective: To determine the age and gender distribution and clinical presentation of patients together with histological types of colorectal cancer cases presented to Ibn Sina specialized hospital. Patients and methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Ibn Sina Hospital (Sudan). Seventy three (73) patients of colorectal cancer who presented in the period from January 2010 to December 2012 were included. Data were collected from their hospital records and analyzed using SPSS computer program 17. Results: More than 17 % of the study populations was below the age of 40 years, and 43.84% was below 50 years. The male to female ratio was 1:1.02. Rectal bleeding is the commonest presenting symptom and well differentiated adenocarcinoma is the dominating tumor grade. 8.3 % of patients presented with liver metastasis. Conclusion: Colorectal cancer in this study was found more in young age groups with a peak frequency at the fifth and sixth decades.
SynopsisRadical acrylamide telomerization was carried out with three fluorinated telogens, C6F,,C2H41, CsFlsl, and CsF,3-C2H4SH with AIBN as initiator. Transfer constants were determined to be 40 x 10 . 4 , 550 x and 6500 x 10 ', respectively. Reactions were carried out in butyronitrile, a solvent which also transfers to the growing chain. In the telomerization, the intervention of the solvent, whose transfer constant was also determined, is evaluated quantitatively. Thus the formation of side products, which may reach proportions on the order of 5076 compared with the telomer expected, can be explained.
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