The goal of the present work is to study the performance of Ultra High Strength Concrete (UHSC) beams in flexure under static and repeated loads. The main considered variables are the main reinforcement ratios which are (0.0129, 0.0204, and 0.0323), and the method of applying load. For each reinforcement ratio two beams were casted, one of them was tested under four points static load and the other one under repeated load up to failure. The behavioral characteristics of Ultra High Strength Concrete dominantly depends upon its load history, for this purpose experimental investigation of the behavior of (UHSC) beams under load history of repeated cycles is performed as well as that it is compared with the behavior under static load. The average cube compressive strength of the UHSC used in casting the beams was as high as (124 N/mm2). The load deflection curves, first cracks and failure loads, crack pattern, and concrete strain distribution over the depth of the beams were presented.
Many Modern researches indicate that we can obtain many positive effects on water when it is exposed to magnetic fields and effects on sum water properties. The research included laboratory experiments on field soil samples to determine the effect of magnetized irrigation water on the infiltration rate. The results show clear increasing in water infiltration rate when using magnetic water. Compared with normal irrigation water for all experiment. The magnetizing of water was done by passing normal water through magnetic field of intensity equal to 650 GAUSS for ones, twice, four and eight times.
Under drip irrigation , the plant's root is concentrated inside the wetted bulb (region). Thus, the development of these roots and the plant production are greatly affected by the wetting pattern. Therefore, the wetting pattern of soil under drip irrigation must be taken into consideration in the design of drip irrigation system for both single dripping source or multi-overlapping wetting patterns of dripping water sources.The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of initial water content of the soil and spacing between two adjacent dripping sources with different flow rate on the movement of the wetting front.This study included 16 tests for monitoring the advancement of the wetting front with time during and after the water application phase. The water advance and water distribution measurement are carried out for two cases of the soil profile: for the first case with initial volumetric water content of 4.08% and for the second case with initial volumetric water content of 12.24%. Two spacing between the emitter were tested 25cm and 50 cm using application flow rates of 0.606, 1.212, 1.818, and 2.424 cm3 /min/cm to show the combined effect of spacing and flow rate on the performance of two adjacent emitter.The study proposed a method for determining the spacing between the two emitting sources , the water application rate and watering time. The proposed method depends on a wetted zone whose depth is equal to the root zone depth with a values equals to the maximum vertical advance of the wetting front underneath the drip line at time when this depth is equal to the depth of wetting at midpoint between the drip line. the study revealed that both the vertical water advance in soil underneath the emitter and the horizontal advance of the wetting front is larger than those in the case of single emitter.Furthermore, the vertical water advance increases with the decrease spacing between the two drip lines. Also, the horizontal advance of the wetting front is not affected by varying this spacing for both studied cases of initial water content.
Secara tradisi, kayu biasanya digunakan untuk kekuda bumbung sebagai bahan binaan. Walaubagaimanapun, kegunaan kayu tidak lagi mendapat sambutan kebelakangan ini disebabkan kos yang tinggi, bukan mesra alam sekitar disebabkan banyak pokok perlu ditebang, terdedah kepada serangan anai–anai dan keupayaan yang rendah dibandingkan dengan keluli. Keratan keluli terguling–sejuk telah dicadangkan di dalam kertas ini bagi pembinaan sistem bumbung kekuda sebagai pilihan lain daripada kekuda kayu. Kertas ini membincangkan keputusan uji kaji bagi cadangan keratan keluli terguling–sejuk yang dikeluarkan oleh pengeluar tempatan sebagaimana yang dinyatakan di dalam kod BS5950 Part 5:1987 bagi kegunaan sistem kekuda bumbung. Ujian–ujian ini juga adalah untuk menepati keperluan–keperluan yang telah digariskan oleh Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia. Keputusan–keputusan ujian dari uji kaji menunjukkan keputusan persetujuan yang baik dengan BS 5950 Part 5. Keputusan uji kaji merumuskan bahawa keratan keluli terguling sejuk keluaran tempatan dan sambungannya sesuai digunakan bagi sistem kekuda bumbung. Kata kunci: Keratan keluli terguling-sejuk, sistem kekuda bumbung, keupayaan keratan, keratan C, keratan topi Traditionally, timber is usually used for roof truss as a construction material. However, the use of timber is no longer popular recently due to the increase in cost, not environmental–friendly as more trees need to be cut, prone to termite attack, and lesser capacity compared with steel. Cold–formed steel section has been introduced in this paper for the construction roof truss system as an alternative to the timber truss. This paper describes experimental test results of the proposed cold–formed produced locally with the code of practice as prescribed by BS 5950 Part 5: 1987 for the use in roof truss system. The tests were also performed to meet the requirements that have been outlined by Public Works Department Malaysia. The experimental results showed good agreement with BS 5950 Part 5. From the study it can be concluded that the proposed locally produced cold–formed steel sections and the connections are suitable to be used in the roof truss system provided that the design values should not be more than the experimental values. Key words: Cold-formed steel section, roof truss system, section capacities, C-section, hat-section
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