Globally the countries are focusing on reducing the carbon footprint leading to a greater effort for electrical energy generation by renewable energy sources, particularly wind. The wind turbines are invariably using doubly fed asynchronous generator. In this paper a controller has been designed for a doubly fed induction motor. The proposed Tilt Integral Derivate controller for was compared with commonly used PI, PID controllers. Several optimization algorithms were used for tuning of controllers and the best one was selected for each type of controller. The controller has been optimized using battlefield optimization. It had been compared with proportional integral controller, fractional order proportional integral derivative controller. Other controllers were optimized using meta heuristic algorithms. The controller enhanced the system response in terms of settling time, rise time and other parameters. The Tilt controller gave the overall superior performance in terms of parameters like rise time, settling time, settling minimum, peak, and peak time. The results were obtained using MATLAB. This paper discusses operation of doubly fed induction motor operation and optimization methods.
An investigation on the removal of 17-a-Ethinyl Estradiol (EE2) from aqueous solutions using Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) beads has been carried out under closed conditions. The kinetic and equilibrium results obtained for EE sorption with different initial concentrations have been analyzed. Experimental data at equilibrium have been correlated with the Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models. The applicability of the isotherm equations to the adsorption system has been compared by means of the correlation coeffi cients. The adsorption data resulted fi tted well by the Freundlich isotherm model. Kinetic analysis was performed with three different types of kinetic adsorption models using the pseudo-fi rst-order, pseudo-second-order, and simple Elovich models. Analysis of the kinetic data indicated that the EE2 adsorption was a second-order process. Diffusion mechanisms have been analyzed by means of the diffusion rate equations inside particulate of Dumwald-Wagner and intraparticle models. The actual rate-controlling step involved in the EE sorption process was determined by further analysis of the sorption data by the kinetic expression given by Boyd. All together these results allowed to understand the adsorption mechanism of the process and have shown the usefulness in using PAN beads in removing EE2 from synthetic aqueous solutions, also at concentrations higher than those measured in the environment.
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have reached an efficiency near 20%, however, their low long-term stability is the main limit to their industrialization. In this work, we investigated the degradation of...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.