There is a wide range of congenital anomalies of the spleen regarding its shape, location, number, and size. Most of these congenital anomalies are commonly detected on ultrasonography, CT, or MRI and may sometimes represent a challenging diagnosis for radiologists and clinicians. The bilobed spleen is an extremely rare form of congenital anomaly. In most cases, it is accidentally discovered during abdominal surgeries. The bilobed spleen is usually large in size when compared with the normal spleen; hence, it is more liable to trauma. Transposition of the inferior vena cava (IVC; also known as left-sided IVC) refers to a very rare variant course of the IVC. The most common variations are duplicate IVC, as well as retroaortic left renal vein and circumaortic venous rings. Left-sided IVC occurs in 0.17–0.5% of the general population. Diagnosis of left-sided IVC is important when planning vascular procedures like portosystemic shunt, the placement of an IVC filter, nephrectomy, and renal transplant. There should be an awareness of the Riedel lobe, which is a common anatomical variant of the liver, as it can simulate a mass. Its misidentification as a pathological abdominal mass can lead to surgery; pathology can also occur (e.g. malignancy or even torsion). In this report, we presented a case of a bilobed spleen that was misdiagnosed as a left renal mass during routine abdominal ultrasonography in a 25-year-old female who complained of recurrent left hypochondrium pain. The bilobed configuration was confirmed with MRI and ultrasound examination of the abdomen.
The amazing tecnology of 3D imaging enables the examination of the fetal central nervous system simultaneously in the three orthogonal planes, better defining the spatial relationship of CNS structures and malformations. The multiplanar mode is utilized to navigate through the volume, observing information on a particular structure in each of the three symmetrical planes. The aim of this stuyd is to evaluate the role of 3D/4D ultrasound in assessment of fetal head and neck congenital anomalies. This is prospective study including thirty pregnant females during the second trimester of pregnancy with 2D suggestion of fetal head and neck congenital anomalies. 42 anomalies were detected from examination of thirty pregnant females. In addition, a higher incidence of face and neck anomalies over CNS anomalies was noted. (57.2% versus 42.8%). We concluded that 2D US remains the gold standard in assessment of fetal anomalies and 3D/4D US, along these lines, isn't a screening system however an aide to 2D US for those embryos in whom anomalies are as of now decided or associated on the premise with standard sonography.
Background: Is to investigate the correlations between the serum levels of Obestatin and Copeptin, carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT), and brachial artery flow mediated dilatation (FMD) in obese and non-obese women with PCOS. Design: Randomized prospective study. Aim of the work: The present study was, therefore, undertaken to investigate the correlations between both serum levels of Obestatin, Copeptin, in PCOS women and to evaluate their relationship with obesity, insulin resistance as well as cardiovascular disease. Patients and methods: We analyzed 54 patients with PCOS and 20 normal women as controls. PCOS patients were divided into two groups based on body mass index (BMI): obese group (BMI > 30 kg/m2, n = 28) and non-obese group (BMI < 30 kg/m2, n = 26). Serum Copeptin and Obestatin levels, Insulin Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), CIMT and brachial artery FMD were determined and compared among both groups. Results: Serum Obestatin levels were significantly lower in obese PCOS group than non-obese and control. While Serum Copeptin levels were significantly higher in obese PCOS group than non-obese and control. Brachial artery FMD was lower in the PCOS groups than control. Obestatin was positively correlated with cardiovascular risk factor (FMD), whereas Copeptin was negatively correlated with FMD Conclusion: Obestatin and Copeptin may provide useful information regarding future cardiovascular risk in PCOS patients as Obestatin was negatively correlated and Copeptin was positively correlated with cardiovascular risk factor (FMD).
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