This paper is based on the main findings of the 2012 Egyptian National Innovation Survey, which covered 2022 firms with different manufacturing activities. The main objective of this survey is to try to evaluate the situation in the private firms, with regards innovation. Our findings show that 11.3% of Egyptian firms have at least one type of innovation (productprocessorganizationalmarketing). The innovation activities in firms increase with increasing size of companies in term of persons employed. In the majority of the manufacturing sectors, 1.5 % of innovative firms depend on universities, government, and public research institutions as main sources of information assisting innovation activities.

This paper presents energy opportunities, particular areas of high potential and reflections on energy challenges in Egypt by the year 2040. Energy foresight significantly contributes in the effective review and formulation of national energy policies and strategies. In this work, 350 experts participated in real-time Delphi survey and responded to a set of structured and cross-linked questionnaires that aim to assess and provide future dimension to the energy sector in Egypt. Priorities are presented across 14 energy cluster-areas with 180 identified topics. The two-round Delphi study with an iterative process was performed to determine and measure the expectations of the different stakeholders with specific emphasis on the prospects of renewable energy and energy efficiency. The designed cross-linkages between survey components allowed the systematic pooling and convergence of knowledge in addition to the technical insights and different perspectives. About 50% of Egypt's energy demand was foresighted to be met by renewable energies around 2030. The results showed that all types of energy would not only provide economic and environmental benefits but also improve living standards. This work demonstrates that involving large diversity of expertise and different stakeholders, comprising heterogeneous groups, in foresight studies would potentiate the forecasting power, reduce the polarization effect, and enhance the reliability of the foresight exercise.

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The Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic caused a global substantial effect whilst affecting local healthcare systems and productive sectors among many others. It was a "wake up call" for the economy (investors), policymakers (governments) and the entire society. Progressively, it became widely obvious there is no "going back to normal" and a new normal will gradually be in place. Many questions were raised in this uncertainty situation including how this new normal will affect productive sectors? How can countries leverage the new realities forced on them by COVID-19 to shape better future plans or to achieve their pre-identified goals efficiently? In the middle of this global chaos, are their opportunities for developing economies? This paper tries to answer these questions with specific emphasis on Egypt using foresighting tools while highlighting the best-case and worst-case scenarios for Egypt in the post-COVID-19 world.

Egypt has extensive expertise and experience in future centres through cooperation between independent research institutes and its external partners. The important step forward will be the combination of this experience and the competence of Egyptian institutions to eventually develop a bottom-up regional community of connected educators, scientists, students, practitioners, policymakers and local communities for future foresight. This paper examines the current state of foresight of future and practices among Egyptian universities' faculty members and students, proposing to increase public awareness and comprehension of foresight of future promotion performance in Egypt. A questionnaire designed based on an intensive online project-based bootcamp was done by entrepreneurship club at Cairo University to increase the participants' awareness of the foresight. The questionnaire was distributed to 173 students and participants who attended the camp from 10 faculties of Cairo University and other Egyptian universities. The findings revealed that students were unaware of the Framework Foresight (FF) program and had poor knowledge. Students' awareness of the FF program correlated positively with educational level, age, gender, and specialization. This work provides an approach to understanding the quality of foresight knowledge used or generated throughout the foresight exercises and their significance in sustainable development challenges.