Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by blood flukes (trematode worms) the genus Schistosoma. Schistosomiasis is a chronic, debilitating disease that affects the populations of tropical and subtropical countries, especially children at School-age. In Sudan schistosomiasis is a major health problem adversely affecting the health of vulnerable populations. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of schistosomiasis among school children in selected basic schools in Bahary Locality, Khartoum State, Sudan from December 2017 to January 2018. Urine and faecal samples were collected from 600 school-aged children and examined for the eggs of S. haematobium and S. mansoni using standard sedimentation and Kato technique, respectively. The overall of prevalence schistosomiasis 16,5% which the prevalence of S. haematobium among pupils examined was 16% and the prevalence of S. mansoni was 0.5%. Additionally, male’s reported higher prevalence (22.7%) of S. haematobium than the female’s (4.1%) also males reported higher prevalence of S. mansoni female with prevalence rate 7.7% and 2.2% for males and females respectively. According to the study participant age-groups; age group 13-15 years had the highest prevalence (22%)   of S. haematobium was recorded  and  age group 10- 12  years comes next (18.5%) followed by age group 6 -9 years (7.5%); this difference of  the age group as a factor was statistically significant (x2 = 17.9 –p value n =0.0) , but in S. mansoni age group 10-12 years had the highest (0.8%) prevalence , also  there was  statistically significant (P=0.04). This study highlights that schistosomiasis is a public health problem among children in Bahary locality. The findings of the study suggested appropriate intervention against schistosomiasis such as mass treatment, health education and control of the intermediate snail host.

In order to find out the most sensitive anthropometric measurement that will diagnose Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) in Nigerian preschool children, three hundred children between the ages of 12 and 60 months (100 each of Normal, PEM and other malnutrition) were measured for height, weight, upper-arm circumference, triceps skinfold and subscapular skinfold thickness. The results showed that Triceps skinfold is the most sensitive anthropometric indicator for diagnosis of PEM in the study population. This supports the hypothesis that energy deficiency may be a more predominant factor in the causation of PEM in Nigeria.

Stigma and discrimination among medical care providers (MCPs) towards HIV patients is a common observed problem that can compromise effectiveness of prevention and treatment efforts by discouraging individuals from being tested or seeking information on how to protect themselves and others. This research aimed to determine the existence of stigma and discrimination among health care providers towards people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) in River Nile state. A descriptive cross sectional hospital based study conducted in Atbara, Edamer and Berber hospitals. Questionnaire containing six parts covering the personal data, knowledge about HIV, attitude, availability of PPDs and discriminatory practices of MCPs was used. The data was analyzed using the SPSS. Three hundred and nighty participated consisting of 136 doctors, 219 nurses, and 35 midwives. Out of these, 68.2% of participants had overall satisfactory knowledge, 30% had good knowledge, while only 1.8% had poor knowledge. Majority (74.4%) stated that MCPs were discriminatory in their practices towards HIV patients. There wa correlation between common discriminatory practices and total attitude, and availability of PPDs (p<0.05). No correlation between the common discriminatory practices and total knowledge scores.

Background: The study was conducted to evaluate schools that implemented the health promotion program in Makkah city, which were 68 schools, (60%) of them randomly selected for the study.Methods: The seven components of the health promoting schools evaluated through descriptive cross sectional study, concentrating on the implementation activities of each component, and whether this implementation conforming to requested standards.Results: The study clarified that the health education activities scored 80% from the targeted activities in this component, encouragement of healthy behavior achieve the highest requested level, while healthy environment activities were being well implemented as it attained 87%.Conclusions: The study concluded that there were weaknesses in the following components, food and nutritional service, school health and mental service provision, and school connectedness with the surrounding community. The study recommends establishment of health service system for psychological and mental health for students, medical checks for school staff in addition to strengthening the links between health promoting schools and surrounding communities, through organized programs. The study recommends for more researches in order to support implementation of the program.