Blockchain technology has received wide attention during recent years, and has huge potential to transform and improve supply chain management. However, its implementation in the SSCM (Sustainable Supply Chain Management) strategy is sophisticated, and the challenges are not explored very well, especially in the Moroccan context. To this end, the chief objective of the current endeavor is to investigate the barriers that hinder the adoption of blockchain technology in SSCM from the Moroccan industry and service sectors’ perspective. Based on a comprehensive literature search and the use of experts’ viewpoints, the barriers affecting the successful implementation of blockchain are classified into three categories called TEO: technological and system, environmental, and intra-organizational dimensions. In this context, a fuzzy group decision-making framework is organized by combining DEMATEL (Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) and IFAHP (Intuitionistic Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process). The IFAHP technique helps to determine the importance/priorities of barriers affecting blockchain adoption, while the DEMATEL technique forms the cause–effect interconnections between these barriers and classifies them concerning the degree of importance and relationships. The results reveal that ‘government policy and support’ and ‘challenges in integrating sustainable practices and blockchain technology through SCM’ are significant adoption barriers of blockchain in Moroccan SSCM. The proposed solution can support industrial decision makers to form flexible short- and long-term decision-making strategies to efficiently manage a sustainable supply chain.
Among the most critical issues in VANET are the frequent failures of the route caused by the high mobility of vehicles, the increase of the network overload caused by control messages, and the increase of the data packet delivery time. Short communication route lifetime often breaks down during data packet transmission between the source and the destination vehicles, which results in a relaunch of a new route reconstruction that becomes more frequent and depletes a significant amount of network resources. To face these issues, much research has considered the route stability and the route lifetime determination between source and destination vehicles as important factors to improve the quality of service in the VANET network. However, this research did not take into account the route that has the longest lifetime as the most stable route and assumes that vehicles move at a constant speed during a direct communication between them. Furthermore, it did not model the data packet delivery time between the source and the destination vehicles. For this reason, we propose two protocols that use vehicles density to predict the data packet delivery time before sending the data and use vehicles movement information to determine the longest lifetime route, taking into account the variation of the vehicles velocity for comfort applications on highway. Our schemes are evaluated in function of vehicles density by measuring the average route lifetime, the percentage of packets delivery, the control overhead, the average end-to-end delay, the throughput, and the average number of route failures generated during the transmission of data packets.
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