The environmental radioactivity of the Lake Manzala, Egypt, has been investigated to determine the level of the natural radioactivity and the radiological impact for the targeted area. Twenty sediment samples were collected from pre-determined locations, which involve deep springs and lakes, particularly samples taken from places receiving sewage pollutants, fertilizers and disinfection materials used in the agricultural area and fish farms. The gamma-emitting nuclides library has been designed to assess the activity concentration for radionuclides belonging to the natural series of uranium and thorium ( 208 Tl, 212 Bi, 212 Pb, 214 Bi, 214 Pb, 226 Ra, 228 Ac, 234 Th, 235 U), and 40 K gamma-line. The measured overall average value of the radionuclides' activity concentration was 15 Bq/kg, while for 40 K was 286 Bq/kg. The true coincidence summing was corrected using the Genie-2000 software, and LabSOCS was used to calculate the total efficiencies. Most of the resulted values are moderated, indicating normal levels compared to the international and worldwide reference values in this regard.

The Sukari granitoid pluton, namely the Sukari gold mine (SGM), located in Egypt's southeastern desert, is outstanding gold-bearing granite in the Arabian Nubian Shield. CR-39 and LR-115 Nuclear Track Detectors (NTD) were used in the present study to determine radon concentration, after which the exhalation rate, annual effective dose, and work level were calculated. The overall average radon values from the CR-39 and LR-115 NTD are 11.27 and 11.29 kBqm -3 , respectively, indicating a consensual correlation that depends on the charged particles, particularly accumulation radon gas emissions from investigated samples measured by Nuclear Track Detectors. The findings revealed a significant quantity of NORM in the SGM due to the radon concentration which is greater than the IAEA, ICRP, and UNSCEAR recommended limit of 1000 Bqm -3 . The present study aims to evaluate and predict the radioactive changes in the investigation area, assess dangerous radiation, and implement radiation safety standards for the workers in the SGM. The current research may also be useful in the future investigation and mining of nuclear materials for optimization business in the SGM and its surrounding area.

The current study is carried out to monitor radioactivity levels in Erediya younger granites of the Central Eastern Desert in Egypt by using a solid-state nuclear track detector (CR-39 NTD). The polymeric CR-39 NTD was used to determine radium-226 and radon-222 activity concentration, and the theoretical conversion equations, were employed to assess the radiological impact. Predetermined 33 samples were collected from different locations within and around Egypt's Eradia area fulfilling the IAEA TECDOC-1415 protocols. The measured overall average value of the radium and radon activity concentration are 7467.44±50.68 and 7840.14±53.2 Bqm -3 , respectively, which indicated a high abundance of TENORM in the collected samples of the investigated area. The exhalation rate and annual effective dose were calculated, indicating high grades than the permissible limit recommended by IAEA and UNSCEAR, and the average values are 0.87±0.01 Bqm -2 h -1 and 1637.82±26.87 mSvy -1 respectively. The present result is a reference for the radioactivity background as well as assesses any harmful radiation, and particularly helps in applying radiation protection principles for the occupational worker in the Erediya area. To furnish the outcome of the study, data was plotted as counter maps for tracking the distribution pattern of radioactivity levels and concerning radiation protection and human safety work level index was calculated to apply perfect radiation protection methodologies for the occupational.

The present work was carried out to determine the elemental composition of granitoid rock samples from three gold mines (Sukari, Hamash, and Um Hagalig) in the South-eastern part of Egypt and quantification of the extent of the elemental enrichment. A total of 37 samples from the mines were subjected to neutron activation analysis, and the mass fractions of the elements were measured in mg/kg. The results show a dominance of K (76.9%), Fe (11.0%), Ca (8.7%), and Na (3.1%) for Sukari mine; Na (31.2%), Ca (28.5%), K (23.1%), and Fe (9.9%) for the Hamash mine; and for the Um Hagalig mine Na (31.1%), K (22%), Ca (21.7%), and Fe (20.8%). In addition, significant mass fractions of uranium, thorium and rare earth elements were found in Hamash and Um Hagalig. The average mass fractions of U in the investigated areas are measured to be 59.7, 48.2, and 30.8 mg/kg for Hamash, Sukary, and Um Hagalig, respectively. Furthermore, the average mass fractions of Th were significant and measured to be 3905, 1673, and 7 mg/kg for Hamash, Um Hagalig, and Sukary, respectively. Multiple ratio indicators and discrimination diagrams were used to better understand the origin of the elements in the samples studied. The indicators suggest that the provenance of the elements is mainly from metavolcanic and volcanic rocks. The findings should make an important contribution to the study of ores and minerals and thus represent an important area for environmental studies.

The present study is carried out to determine the natural radioactivity level and assessment of the radiological impact on El-Missikat younger granites of the Central Eastern Desert in Egypt. Regarding the distribution pattern of radionuclides associated with the abundance of naturally occurring and technically enhanced radioactive materials, 34 investigated samples were collected from predetermined locations in the El-Missikat area. The radioanalytical measurements were performed by using NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer, then PCA3 Oxford software was used to analyze the recorded spectra. The efficiency transfer of Gamma-ray was applied within EFFTRAN software, and the library of radionuclides has been designed to involve radionuclides belonging to the natural uranium-238 and thorium-232 isotopes as well potassium-40. The radiation doses were calculated utilizing activity concentrations and the conversion coefficients recommended by EPA, ICRP, and UNSCEAR. The average values of activity concentrations for U-238, Th-232, and K-40 are (9986.21, 5586.19, and 64.72 Bq/kg) respectively. The average values of calculated effective dose caused by gamma radiation of U-238, Th-232, and K-40 are (6.79E-19, 2.20E-18, and 4.30E-15 Sv/y) respectively. Most of the resulting values are significantly of a high level compared to the worldwide reference EPA, IAEA, ICRP, and UNSCEAR for similar environments. To furnish results regarding radiation protection and human safety integral of organ doses, the excess lifetime cancer risk and hazards indices were calculated to apply a perfect radiation protection methodology for the professionals.