Overall, the WHO references yield an overestimation in overweight and/or obesity within this sample of schoolchildren as compared to the French references and the IOTF. The magnitude of agreement coefficients between the three references depends on of both sex and age categories. The French references seem to be in rather close agreement with the IOTF in defining overweight, especially in 7-12-year-old children.

Research Methods and Procedures:Forty-five children from 8 to 11 years old were monitored with the ActiGraph (ActiGraph, LLC, Fort Walton Beach, FL) for 3 consecutive days. Daily time spent at MVPA obtained with MVPA P was compared with that obtained with MVPA T using variability, regression, and agreement statistics. Data were then discussed with regard to physical activity recommendations. Results: The mean daily time spent at MVPA P (28 Ϯ 18 minutes) was significantly lower (p Ͻ 10 Ϫ4 ) than that spent at MVPA T (141 Ϯ 39 minutes). The coefficient of determination between the two definitions was low (R 2 ϭ 0.49 Ϯ 0.71). There was a lack of agreement between the two definitions, with a mean error or bias of 113 min/d. Thirtyfour point eight percent and 100% of children underwent 30-minute MVPA/d with MVPA P and MVPA T definitions, respectively. Discussion:Comparability between studies devoted to describing children's physical activity or to assessing interventions may lack consistency according to the definition, with a real risk of misclassification.

Existing evidence from randomized, controlled trials shows that α-blockers are associated with improvement in ureteral stent symptoms and supports their use in routine clinical practice.

Hydroxamic acids are outstanding zinc chelating groups that can be used to design potent and selective metalloenzyme inhibitors in various therapeutic areas. Some hydroxamic acids display a high plasma clearance resulting in poor in vivo activity, though they may be very potent compounds in vitro. We designed a 57-member library of hydroxamic acids to explore the structure-plasma stability relationships in these series and to identify which enzyme(s) and which pharmacophores are critical for plasma stability. Arylesterases and carboxylesterases were identified as the main metabolic enzymes for hydroxamic acids. Finally, we suggest structural features to be introduced or removed to improve stability. This work thus provides the first medicinal chemistry toolbox (experimental procedures and structural guidance) to assess and control the plasma stability of hydroxamic acids and realize their full potential as in vivo pharmacological probes and therapeutic agents. This study is particularly relevant to preclinical development as it allows obtaining compounds equally stable in human and rodent models.

Background:This study was designed to model the relationship between an ActiGraph-based “in-school” physical activity (PA) and the daily one among children and to quantify how school can contribute to the daily PA recommendations.Method:Fifty boys and 43 girls (aged 8 to 11 years) wore ActiGraph for 2 schooldays of no structured PA. The daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPAd) was regressed on the school time MVPA (MVPAs). Then, a ROC analysis was computed to define the required MVPAs.Results:Children spent 57% of their awaking time at school. School time PA opportunities (ie, recesses: ~18% of a child’s awaking time) accounted for >70% of the MVPAd among children. Then, MVPAd (Y) could be predicted from MVPAs (X) using the equation: Y = 2.06 X0.88; R2 = .889, P < .0001. Although, this model was sex-specifically determined, cross-validations showed valid estimates of MVPAd. Finally, with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 90%, MVPAs, a 34 min.d−1 was required to prompt the daily recommendation.Conclusions:The current study shows the contribution of MVPA at school to recommended activity levels and suggests the value of activity performed during recesses. It also calls for encouraging both home- and community-based interventions, predominantly directed toward girls.