Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) have garnered increasing interest because of their advantages such as high efficiency, high power density, wide speed range, and fast dynamics. They have been employed recently in several industrial applications including robotics and electric vehicles (EVs). However, PMSMs have highly nonlinear magnetic characteristics, especially interior PMSMs, due to the existence of reluctance torque. Nonlinearity complicates not only machine modeling but also control algorithms. An accurate machine model is the key aspect for the prediction of machine performance as well as the development of a high-performance control algorithm. Hence, this paper presents an accurate modelling method for PMSMs. The proposed model method is applicable for all PMSMs, even multiphase machines. This paper considers a fractional slot concentrated winding 12/10 interior PMSM (IPMSM) for this study to demonstrate the effect of magnetic saturation and special harmonics. The developed model considers accurately the magnetic saturation, mutual coupling, spatial harmonics, and iron loss effects. It utilizes finite element analysis (FEA) to estimate the precise magnetic characteristics of IPMSM. The finite element model is calibrated precisely using experimental measurements. The iron losses are estimated within the simulation model as d- and q-axes current components. The model accuracy is validated experimentally based on a 12/10 IPMSM prototype.
This paper presents a detailed analysis and comparative investigation for the torque control techniques of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) for electric vehicles (EVs). The study involves the field-oriented control (FOC), direct torque control (DTC), and model predictive direct torque control (MPDTC) techniques. The control aims to achieve vehicle requirements that involve maximum torque per ampere (MTPA), minimum torque ripples, maximum efficiency, fast dynamics, and wide speed range. The MTPA is achieved by the direct calculation of reference flux-linkage as a function of commanded torque. The calculation of reference flux-linkage is done online by the solution of a quartic equation. Therefore, it is a more practical solution compared to look-up table methods that depend on machine parameters and require extensive offline calculations in advance. For realistic results, the IPMSM model is built considering iron losses. Besides, the IGBTs and diodes losses (conduction and switching losses) in power inverter are modeled and calculated to estimate properly total system efficiency. In addition, a bidirectional dc-dc boost converter is connected to the battery to improve the overall drive performance and achieve higher efficiency values. Also, instead of the conventional PI controller which suffers from parameter variation, the control scheme includes an adaptive fuzzy logic controller (FLC) to provide better speed tracking performance. It also provides a better robustness against disturbance and uncertainties. Finally, a series of simulation results with detailed analysis are executed for a 60 kW IPMSM. The electric vehicle (EV) parameters are equivalent to Nissan Leaf 2018 electric car.
<span>This paper presents an online efficiency optimization method for the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive system in an electric vehicle (EV). The proposed method considers accurately the total system losses including fundamental copper and iron losses, harmonic copper and iron losses, magnet loss, and inverter losses. Therefore, it has the capability to always guarantee maximum efficiency control. A highly trusted machine model is built using finite element analysis (FEA). This model considers accurately the magnetic saturation, spatial harmonics, and iron loss effect. The overall system efficiency is estimated online based on the accurate determination of system loss, and then the optimum current angle is defined online for the maximum efficiency per ampere (MEPA) control. A series of results is conducted to show the effectiveness and fidelity of proposed method. The results show the superior performance of proposed method over the conventional offline efficiency optimization methods.</span>
Axial Field Permanent Magnet (AFPM) synchronous generators are broadly connected for the little size power wind turbine this is ascribe to its powerful thickness per unit load than the conventional synchronous generator. It is a circle molded rotor and the stator structures. In this paper, examine the execution of both AFER-NS and AFIR-S generators having double side's slotted stator core is accomplished to improve the output generation characteristics. The electromagnetic plan examination was done to expand the power density. The enhancements design structure optimizations of the rotor pole-arc ratio of permanent magnet are proficient to increase output power and to decrease cogging torque. The output performances of AFER-NS and AFIR-S generators are associated with each other.
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