he aggregation pheromone traps of the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, RPW) is an essential method for integrated pest management in field trials. Experiments were carried out on date palm plantations at (Abo-Nagi) El-Kassasein district, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt during one year (2012). Three baited pheromone traps with different food materials were tested. Adding date fruits to pheromone was the best bait to attract RPW where the number of weevils captured was 1005 adults representing 41.75% of the total catch compared to sugarcane and pheromone, which caught 807 adults, represented 33.53% of the total catch. Traps with ethyle acetate caught the least number 595 adults representing 24.72% of the total catch. The obtained results obviously indicated that numbers of captured adults were high significantly increased in traps supplied with dates than other food materials. Accordingly it is recommended to add date fruits to the pheromone traps. Generally, to achieve more capturing effectiveness of aggregation pheromone traps helping in controlling red palm weevil, it is necessary to use traps with holes and funnel without cover and placed at ground and supplied with fermented date fruits.
he red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (RPW) is an economically important pest of palm trees in Egypt especially in Ismailia Governorate. Very few studies have been conducted on mites as natural enemies of red palm weevil. The predaceous and parasitic mites play an important role as biological agents of RPW. The survey of mites with different stages of RPW in Ismailia revealed 1197, 673 and 162 individuals with 120 empty cocoons, 53 larvae and 75 adults of RPW, respectively. A total of eleven mite species belong to 9 families and 4 suborders were found associated with the red palm weevil, R. ferrugineus. Family Uropodidae was the most abundant followed by Acaridae. Most of mite species that recorded in this study are parasitic on adults and larvae of RPW. The prevalence of T. putrescentia was (17.33 %), (56.60 %) and (25.83 %) with adult, larvae and empty cocoons, respectively.
gypt is considered the world leader in date production; yet, Batrachedra amydraula Meyrick, Arenipses sabella Hampson and Virachola livia Klug are threatening this position. This study aimed to set a new strategy by using six parasitoids and predators, i.e. Trichogramma sp., Bracon sp., Goniozus sp., Chrysoperla sp., Coccinella sp. and Orius sp. to trap the different pests' stages in El-Bahariya and Siwa Oases' palm plantations. By the end of the season of each pest, A. sabella and V. livia infestation% in El-Bahariya control farm recorded 92.1 and 51%, respectively, while B. amydraula recorded 40.2%. Infestation declined when natural enemies were released, i.e. 0, 1.1 and 1.1%, for the three pests, respectively. In Siwa, infestation in control recorded 52, 40.2 and 43%, while dropped in treatments to 0, 2 and 2 %, for the three pests, respectively. Using this combination of natural enemies was effective and it is recommended to integrate this strategy in palm plantations IPM programs in Egypt, mainly, in protectorates, where using pesticides is prohibited.
The red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a palm borer introduced to the Arab World, and was first recorded in 1992 in Egypt in date palm plantations of Sharkia and Ismailia Governorates. The infestation now covers all 26 governorates in Egypt, with infection rates from 2% to 35%. Date palm is considered of economic importance in Bahria and Siwa oases and Aswan with infestation rate exceeding 20%, and the highest infestation rate was recorded in 2014 on more than 250,000 infested date palm trees. The most important control measures applied were pesticides spraying and injection, palm removal, prevention of spread through offshoots, agricultural extension and aggregation pheromone trapping in some areas. The cost of control operations in Sharkia and Ismailia Governorates were around 10 million Egyptian pounds (around 3 million USD) during the period from 1992 to 2000, which included the use of 160 tons of pesticides (more than 25 tons per year) as well as fuel, sprayers, and labor. The estimated total cost per year in Egypt was around 354 million Egyptian pounds (20 million USD) which include labor cost of periodic monitoring (2700 persons to investigate 6000 palm trees/person/month, with a cost 4.55 million USD per year), protective spraying during March and November (13.4 million USD), and quarantine operations, removal of highly infested palms and eradication with a total cost around 2-3 million USD, and funding was not always available which lead to increased damage. The estimated total loss since 1992 untill now is around 4 billion Egyptian pounds (400 million USD), taking into consideration the cost of replantation, removal of highly infested palms and control operations, in addition to the negative impact on 100 date factories due to reduction in the total amount of dates processed.
Abbas, M.K. 2019. The effect of preventive measures in reducing red palm weevil infestation. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 37(2): 158-158. The red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a palm borer native to South Asia, recorded in Egypt in date palm plantations of Sharkia and Ismailia governorates in 1992. The infestation at present is distributed all over the country including 26 governorates. A survey was conducted in Bahria oases, Giza governorate in Egypt in two successive years 2016 and 2017 to determine the red palm weevil infestation rate in 10000 palm trees. During the first year of study 2016, results indicated that the total infestation rate reached 21% (2100 palm trees), with 41 % (861 palm trees) of infested palm trees had air offshoots, whereas 20.2 % (430 palm trees) of infested palm trees had a large number of offshoots. On the other hand, 19.8 % of infested palm trees did not have offshoots, however, in orchards with drip irrigation system for comparison, the observed infestation rate was 5 % only (105 palms). Moreover, in case of flood irrigation system, the observed infestation rate was relatively higher (14 %). During the second year of the survey (2017), horticultural practices were applied including removal of aerial offshoots, in addition to pesticide spray with chlorpyrifos at a rate of 3 ml per liter of water which resulted in reducing infestation rate to 9%. It could be concluded that preventive measures can reduce pest incidence by 80.2%, in comparison with untreated areas, where pest infestation increased four times.
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