Retained fetal membrane (RFM) is a crucial calving related disorder that affects economic for the farmer and herd health. Retention of Placenta (ROP) is the condition in which the fetal membranes are not expelled within a period of 12 hours after parturition. Buffalo cows (n=34) aged 4-9 years old with 2-6 lactation season were used in the present study. The Experimental buffaloes were divided into either with (n=25) or without (n=9) fetal membrane retention. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oxytetracycline treatment on reproductive performance of buffalo-cows with retained fetal membranes. All buffaloes in treated group received systemic infusion of oxytetracyclin Hcl injection 5% and 10 mg/kg oxytetracycline for 3 days intrauterine. Reproductive performance parameters for all experimental buffaloes were days to first estrous, number of service per conception, days open and pregnancy diagnosis. All reproductive parameters demonstrated significant changes between treated and non-treated animals (P < 0.05). Altogether, the obtained results indicated that retained placenta in buffaloes could be treated successfully by intrauterine infusion of oxytetracycline

Aim OvSynch is a hormonal protocol for synchronization of estrus and use of artificial insemination (AI) at an optimal time without adverse effects on the ovaries or uterus. This study investigated the use of noninvasive color Doppler ultrasound to assess changes in uterine and vaginal blood flow during the Ovsynch program for synchronization of estrus and its relation to the pregnancy rates in Holstein cows. Materials and methods The experimental cows received an intramuscular dose of 10 µg of a GnRH analogue (G1), followed 7 days later with an intramuscular injection of synthetic prostaglandin F2α (P: PGF2α) analogue (500 µg cloprostenol sodium), and given a 10 µg, injection of the GnRH analogue (G2) i.m. (2.5ml/animal) 48 h after the PGF2a treatment, and the cows were bred 14–16 h after. Uterine and vaginal perfusion were investigated by performing transrectal Doppler ultrasonography of both the middle uterine and vaginal arteries in Holstein cows at different time points during the Ovsynch program to determine: peak systolic velocity (PSV), time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMV), the volume of blood flow (BFV), pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), resistance impedance (S/D) and diameters of uterine (UA) and vaginal (VA) arteries. Steroid hormones were also considered. Transrectal ultrasonography (TUS) was performed at 32 and 60 days to confirm the pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI). Results The uterine PSV, TAMV, and PV were greater at the time of the cloprostenol sodium and second GnRH injections (p < 0.05) than at the time of the first GnRH injection. The vaginal PSV, PV were greater at the time of the cloprostenol sodium than at the time of the first and second GnRH injections (p < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) indicated a higher correlation between the uterine and vaginal blood flow and the rate of the pregnancy (p < 0.05). The ROC curve for the vaginal artery was 0.920 and that for uterine blood flow was 0.870 (p < 0.05) at the G2 (p < 0.05). The serum levels of progesterone, estrogen and cortisol were correlated with the P/AI (p < 0.05). The P/AI significantly decreased from 43.9% at 32 d to 35.37% at 60 d. Conclusion These results indicate that noninvasive Doppler ultrasonography is a valid method to evaluate changes in the characteristics of uterine and vaginal blood flow in cows during the Ovsynch protocol. Furthermore, vaginal and uterine blood flow are two determinant factors for the higher conception rates in Holstein dairy cows.