Background: Metabolic syndrome (high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and obesity) is now an international health problem that impacts about 20 per cent to 25 per cent of the total population and can be worsened in the developing world, particularly in the Middle East, which is roughly two out of every five Iraqis. The metabolic syndrome has a direct link to many life-threatening diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, early onset of some cancers, such as colorectal cancer, Chronic liver illnesses, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and others. Methodology: A case-control study on a total of ninety volunteers (46 males and 44 females), comprising sixty metabolic syndrome patients (25 males and 35 females), defined in terms of international diabetic federation criteria, and thirty controls, is to be conducted at Salah Alden general hospital. Adults men and women aged (24-to 65) years who attended Salah Alden's main hospital outpatient clinics in Tikrit\Iraq, from October 2021 to March 2022 were included in the research. The levels (Irisin, and Insulin) in all research groups and controls are evaluated using an Enzyme-Linked Immune-sorbent Assay. Results: Irisin level was significantly higher among controls with a mean of (6.84ng/ml), compared to metabolic syndrome patient mean (5.71 ng/ml), and significantly negatively correlated to triglycerides level, and non-significantly negatively correlated with (systolic blood pressure, fasting serum glucose, and waist circumference) and non-significantly positively correlated to high-density lipoprotein level. Irisin levels were significantly different among treatment-based groups with the highest mean level among the treatment-free group (6.8450ng/ml±1.96052), followed by the antihypertensives taking group (5.3340ng/ml±2.99273), and the lowest mean level was recorded among diabetics (4.8916ng/ml±2.81952). Conclusion: With the exception of HDL, a high level of Asprosin and a low level of Irisin are strongly linked to metabolic syndrome and its components. Irisin levels differ amongst metabolic syndrome patients with various therapy groups. Keywords: Irisin, metabolic syndrome, Insulin Resistance.
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition caused by either a reduction in insulin secretion and/or effect. It affects more than 90% of all diabetic patients. Diabetes is a complex illness that is brought on by a number of genetic and environmental (diet and lifestyle) risk factors working together. On average, one person dies from diabetes-related complications every eight seconds throughout the world. Also, according to a recent International Diabetic Federation (IDF) survey, 537 million persons aged 20-79 years are now living with diabetes worldwide. It is expected to increase to 783 million (12.2%) by 2045. Furthermore, 240 million individuals globally have undiagnosed diabetes. Therefore, there is a rising interest in studying the possible therapeutic value of fat-soluble micronutrients like vitamin D for preventing or controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aim of Study: The present study was designed to evaluate levels of vitamin D in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients and Methods: To achieve this aim, in a case-control study conducted in Diyala governorate at Baqubah Teaching Hospital and Balad Ruz General Hospital from first of January to the end of March 2023, the study included 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (30 males and 30 females). On the other hand, 30 people as a control group of both sexes (15 males and 15 females) were taken, and the ages of the two groups ranged between 30 and 65 years. The information about patients in this study was retrieved from the patients themselves through a direct interview with them, according to a prepared questionnaire. In the present study, blood samples were collected from each participant for estimation of vitamin D by (ELISA), HbA1c by (Cobas), lipid profile by (colorimetric methods) and calculated BMI. Results: The mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) of vitamin D levels for the type 2 diabetes group were (11.16± 2.18) ng /ml, with a highly significant decrease (p < 0.001) when compared with control group (20.73± 3.64) ng /ml. The mean ± SD of HbA1c level for the type 2 diabetes group was (8.88± 1.86) %, with a highly significant increase (p < 0.001) when compared with control (5.59 0.45) %. The mean ± SD of cholesterol, TG, and LDL-C levels for the type 2 diabetes group were (161.48± 21.70) mg/dl, (203.40± 8.16) mg/dl and (81.15± 21.62) mg/dl, respectively, with a highly significant increase (p < 0.001) when compared with the control group (105.77± 12.50) mg/dl, (191.73± 8.70) mg/dl, and (22.96± 13.38) mg/dl, respectively. The mean ± SD of HDL-C levels for the type 2 diabetes group was (39.66± 2.52) mg/dl and control (44.46± 4.82) mg/dl, with a highly significant decrease when compared with the control group. The mean ± SD of BMI for the type 2 diabetes group was (27.20± 4.25) and control (26.66± 2.30), respectively, with no significant difference (p < 0.05) when comparing the two groups. Conclusion: The current study concluded that Vitamin D levels showed a highly significant decrease in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus when compared with those in the control group.
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