AIM: This study aims to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of Kinect motion sensing input device’s three-dimensional (3D) models by comparing it with direct anthropometry and digital 2D photogrammetry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six profiles and four frontal parameters were directly measured on the faces of 80 participants. The same measurements were repeated using two-dimensional (2D) photogrammetry and (3D) images obtained from Kinect device. Another observer made the same measurements for 30% of the images obtained with 3D technique, and interobserver reproducibility was evaluated for 3D images. Intraobserver reproducibility was evaluated. Statistical analysis was conducted using the paired samples t-test, interclass correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman limits of agreement. RESULTS: The highest mean difference was 0.0084 mm between direct measurement and photogrammetry, 0.027 mm between direct measurement and 3D Kinect’s models, and 0.018 mm between photogrammetry and 3D Kinect’s. The lowest agreement value was 0.016 in the all parameter between the photogrammetry and 3D Kinect’s methods. Agreement between the two observers varied from 0.999 Sn-Me to 1 with the rest of linear measurements. CONCLUSION: Measurements done using 3D Images obtained from Kinect device indicate that it may be an accurate and reliable imaging method for use in orthodontics. It also provides an easy low-cost 3D imaging technique that has become increasingly popular in clinical settings, offering advantages for surgical planning and outcome evaluation.

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Objective: This study aimed to compare the effect of Artificial Intelligence versus guided Landmarks identification on the accuracy of the Lateral Cephalometric Analysis. Methodology: Three orthodontic specialists identified 17 radiographic landmarks manually for 22 different types of angular and linear measurements of 50 lateral cephalometric radiographs then tracing and analysis were done by Artificial Intelligence based software (Webceph) and Automated cephalometric analysis software (Romexis software). The measurements of the two softwares compared to humans' gold standard (Mean values of the three examiners).Results: comparison between humans' gold standard and (Wepceph) the AI's predictions showed no proportional bias in 12 parameters, The mean differences range from 0.2° to 2.9° for angular measurements except Gonial angle 4.55°, Upper 1 to NA angle 3.78° and IMPA 3.72° and from 0.25 to 1.67 mm for linear measurements. Comparison betwe en humans' gold standard and Automated cephalometric analysis software (Romexis software) showed proportional bias in 19 parameters, The mean differences range from 0.16° to 12.67° for angular measurments and from 1.01 to 13.38 mm for linear measurements.Conclusions: AI based software is able to identify landmarks of cephalometric X-rays at almost the same quality level as experienced human examiners (current gold standard).comparison between the two types of softwares showed that the accuracy of AI based (Webceph) software is better than the automated cephalometric analysis (Romexis) software.

Objective: to evaluate the effects of topical application of strontium on bond strength in orthodontics in vitro by using Instron universal testing machine. Materials and Methods: forty eight bovine enamel specimens were randomly allocated to four groups (n =12). Specimens of group I were not demineralized and were not pretreated, but served as controls. The other specimens were demineralized by using Featherstone pH cycling technique to form artificial carious lesions. Samples from group II were only demineralized. The other samples were pretreated with strontium chloride solution(Srcl2) for 5 minutes. Teeth in groups III were treated with Srcl2 solution before acid-etching. Teeth in groups IV were treated with Srcl2 after acid-etching. The brackets were then bonded .The brackets' SBS was measured and the adhesive remnant was assessed using adhesive remnant index (ARI). Analyses were done for SBS values between the four groups using One-Way ANOVA test followed by Post Hoc Tukey's analysis between each two groups .Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate differences in ARI scores between the groups. Results: srcl2treated group before acid etching)showed the highest mean SBS value when compared to other groups (Mean ± SD =24.7±7.4 MPa). There was insignificant difference between the four groups as regarding ARI scores (p=0.406). Conclusion: The topical application of srcl2 did not compromise the bond strength of orthodontic brackets to demineralized bovine enamel.

Objective: this study aimed to evaluate the effect of local injection of vitamin D 1, 25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol (VD) by means of measuring OTM and bone density by computerized tomography the number of osteoclasts during orthodontic relapse in uremic New Zealand rabbits after induced nephropathy. Materials and Methods: This study is in vivo experimental research. A total of 34 male New Zealand rabbits were used in the study, which were randomly split into three groups, control group (CG), uremic group(CKD G) and uremic with locally injected VD (CKD with VD G). All rabbits were given an orthodontic force of 60 cN using a NITI 3spin coil spring that was activated for 15-18 days and then conditioned to be passive. Through this phase, the CKD with VD group was locally injected with VD once every week for 4 weeks. CT measurements and histological analysis were formed at 18 days, after removal of the Orthodontic appliances and after 38 days, Data were analyzed statistically using an independent t-test (p < 0.05). Results: The post OTRM was significantly lower in the CKD with VD injection than in the CKD (P=0.01). The number of osteoclasts in the CKD with VD group was significantly lower than that in the CKD group (p = 0.021). Conclusion: locally injected VD can prevent post orthodontic tooth relapse movement by suppressing osteoclastogenesis and decreasing osteoclasts number in uremic rabbits.

Introduction: Digital technology invaded all branches of orthodontics such as diagnostic aids, treatment planning, manufacturing of appliances and printing 3D models. there were many CAD programs to facilitate bracket placement more precisely and efficiently. there were many studies evaluated the efficacy and precision of digital indirect bonding approach and they found that it is effective strategy in general. However, there were limited research on the external reliability of digital indirect bonding approaches in literatures. Aim of the Study: To evaluate digitally the amount of discrepancy happened in bracket positions during transferring them by indirect bonding tray inside the patient’s mouth and external reliability of the measurements. Materials and Methods: Ten patients (4 males and 6 females), ranging from 15.9 to 23.4 years of age (mean 19.647 years, SD± 2.232), PVS impressions was taken for the upper arch of the patients and scanned by laboratory scanner to produce STL files to create digital models. digital indirect bonding of 100 American Orthodontic minimaster braces were performed on upper arch by positioning brackets on digital models using Ortho Analyzer (3Shape) software. Then, printing 3D model with braces and constructing the double transfer tray to be loaded with braces to bond it inside the patient’s mouth. After that, scanning of the bonded brackets was done by CEREC omnicam. Geomagic Control X software was used to measure the deviations happened in the bracket position on the patient’s mouth and the bracket position in Orthoanalyzer (3Shape) software. Results: Overall linear measurements were ranging from (-173.1±131.65 μm) to (200.2±132.86 μm). These deviations were related to occlusogingival and in-out directions and denoted to upper right first premolars and upper left canines respectively. Overall angular measurements were ranging from (0.51±0.03 degree) to (1.94±0.03 degree). These deviations were related to mesiodistal tip and denoted to upper right canines and upper left central incisors respectively. Discussion: The overall angular differences in the present study ranged from 0.51° to 1.94° and overall linear differences ranged from 0.1731 mm to 0.2002 mm, which agreed with those observed in the literature, confirming the reliability of the technique. Conclusion: Indirect bonding with a dual transfer tray can correctly replicate the position of brackets on digital models.