The current available data provide insufficient and weak evidence to form a solid and firm conclusion. There is poor, very low-quality evidence regarding the positional and dimensional effects of posterior crossbite correction on the TMJs.
Background: Being a science of beauty, beautiful smile is an integral part of contemporary dental practice. Gingival hyperpigmentation is considered an esthetic problem that needs a patient centered management. Dental operators are attracted to laser benefits not only during surgery but also for postoperative status. This review aimed to assess laser use in esthetic removal of gingival hyperpigmentation in comparison to conventional methods. Materials and Methods: An electronic database search on PubMed and Cochrane library without date restriction was done and clinical studies in which laser was used for esthetic gingival depigmentation were selected and evaluated. Out of the initial search that yielded 183 studies, 21 were considered potentially relevant for the present review, out of which only 4 were finally selected. They studied the effect of laser on depigmentation, chair time, bleeding index, patient satisfaction and repigmentation. Results: The analysis of the results shows that the assessed studies are too limited in number beside exhibiting small sample sizes. They are clinically heterogeneous so that a solid evidence based conclusion cannot be reached. Conclusion: Researchers should be attracted to this research gap. Randomized clinical trials with a larger sample size, different laser parameters and longer follow up are strongly recommended.
Aim: To develop and assess a new protocol proposed for sex determination using frontal sinus index measured from two dimensional lateral cephalometric radiographs.
Materials & Methods:The frontal sinus index was measured by two experienced radiologists and one experienced orthodontist on two hundred and one cephalometric scans (93 males & 108 females). The maximum height and width of the sinus were measured then the height to width ratio was calculated. The mean height to width ratio of the sinus were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis to determine the correlation to gender.Results: There was a high statistically significant difference between the frontal sinus index measured between males and females groups.
Conclusion:Frontal sinus index measured on lateral cephalometric radiographs by the developed protocol could be an indicator for gender identification in Egyptians and a larger sample multicentric study is recommended.
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