Cryolipolysis has a favorable effect than Laser lipolysis in the reduction of waist-hip ratio, skin folds at Suprailiac level and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), there is no significant difference between them in the reduction of BMI and body weight. All groups did not have an effect on VAT.

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Objective. Studying the effect of the functional stretching exercise in diplegic children. Design. Children were randomly assigned into two matched groups. Setting. Outpatient Clinic of the Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University. Participants. Thirty ambulant spastic diplegic children, ranging in age from five to eight years, participated in this study. Interventions. The control group received physical therapy program with traditional passive stretching exercises. The study group received physical therapy program with functional stretching exercises. The treatment was performed for two hours per session, three times weekly for three successive months. Main Outcome Measure(s). H∖M ratio, popliteal angle, and gait parameters were evaluated for both groups before and after treatment. Results. There was significant improvement in all the measuring variables for both groups in favor of study group. H∖M ratio was reduced, popliteal angle was increased, and gait was improved. Conclusion(s). Functional stretching exercises were effectively used in rehabilitation of spastic diplegic children; it reduced H∖M ratio, increased popliteal angle, and improved gait.

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Background/Aims: Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis is the most frequent (85%) type of enuresis in children. However, there is limited research on the effect of posterior tibial nerve stimulation on monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in children. This study investigated the effect of posterior tibial nerve stimulation on primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in children. Methods: This controlled exposure study was conducted using a pretest–posttest design between March and December 2014. Participants (n=80) were randomly distributed to two study groups (control and intervention) using block randomisation. Participants in the control group were given and instructed on how to use a bedwetting alarm in addition to medical treatment for 12 weeks, whereas participants in the intervention group received posterior tibial nerve stimulation in addition to medical treatment for 12 weeks. The frequency of nocturnal enuresis, maximum voided volume and quality of life were evaluated before and after treatment. Results: Comparative analysis between pre- and post-treatment data revealed significant differences in both groups across all measured variables (p<0.05), with significant improvements in all three outcome measures found in the intervention group. Post-treatment, the intervention group demonstrated decreased frequency of nocturnal enuresis and improved maximum voided volume and quality of life. Conclusions: Posterior tibial nerve stimulation is an effective and safe approach for the treatment of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and control of bedwetting in children.

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Background. Surgical repair for anorectal malformation in children had post-operative unsatisfactory results as children still suffering from faecal incontinence. Objective. The effect of Biofeedback in treating children fecal incontinence after anorectal malformations repair was investigated. Methodology. A randomized controlled trial design was conducted in the Pediatric hospital, Mansoura University. Forty-eight children with postsurgical anorectal malformations repair were assessed for eligibility. Forty children (twenty-two boys and eighteen girls) underwent simple randomization into two matched groups, control and study group. The anal function was assessed by Anorectal manometry and faecal incontinence was evaluated by Baylor social continence scale. Measurements were done before and after two months of intervention, and after four months of follow-up. Result. There was statistically significant improvement in maximal resting anal pressure, maximal voluntary contraction pressure, voluntary contraction time, the threshold of rectal sensation, maximal tolerable rectal volume and Baylor social continence scale (P < 0.05) for biofeedback group after two months of intervention and four months of follow-up in comparison with conservative treatment. Conclusion. Biofeedback improved faecal incontinence after ARM repair and had an intermediate follow up effect in conjunction with conservative interventions.

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