The production of counterfeit or substandard drugs is a widespread problem which can no longer be ignored. The spread of counterfeit drugs not only in developing countries also it was detected in developed countries as well which may take part in morbidity, mortality, drug resistance, toxicity and loss of confidence in health-care systems. Moreover effort is urgently required on the legal, enforcement and scientific levels. Reliable analysis of the suspect products. Several means, essentially based on chromatography and spectroscopy, are now at the disposal of the analysts to enable the distinction between genuine and counterfeit products. However the determination of the components and the use of analytical data for forensic purposes still constitute a challenge. The aim of this review article is therefore to point out the intricacy of medicine counterfeiting and its impact so that a better understanding can provide solutions to fight more efficiently against it
Water is very essential for the human, animal and agriculture existence. Water supplies are exposed to contamination by different sources from industrial, pharmaceutical, agricultural and natural origins. Traditionally, analytical methods based on gas chromatography or liquid chromatography were used to monitor water quality. The objective of this research was to monitor some OPPs and OCPs pesticides residues in Ismailia freshwater canal in the three governorates (Ismailia, Port Said and Suez) over a period started from May 2008 to January 2011 by GC using flame photometric detector (FPD) for OPPs and electron capture detector for OCPs pesticides. No OCPs pesticides residues were found in freshwater at quantification level of the GC method, however OPPs pesticides methamidophos (1.97 ngL-1) and ethoprophos (1.73 ngL-1) were detected in freshwater samples collected from Port Said governorate in February 2009.
Monitoring of pollution levels of heavy metals in freshwater is significant to human health and environmental management. The objective of the current study was to monitor the freshwater quality in Suez Canal region, Egypt and to determine the efficacy of water treatment system in the removal of contaminates like heavy metals residues. The concentrations of some heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Ni, Cu, Mn) were determined in freshwater, treated water, in muscle of fish species (Tilapia nilotica) and sediment. The results of the study revealed that , all heavy metals concentrations in freshwater and treated water were within the permissible limits except, Lead concentration in treated water was higher than the permissible limits. In Port Said, all metals concentrations in both freshwater and treated water samples were within the permissible limits. Fish samples collected from the three governorates showed an increase in Cd and Pb levels. The heavy metals concentrations in sediment samples were remarkably high.
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