Six concentrations of Paclobutrazol (PP333) were experimented (0, 10, 30, 60, 90, 120 ppm) as foliar spray on three years old Crimson seedless grape vines grown in private orchard at El Qattah, Giza Governorate, Egypt to find out its influence on yield and a fruit quality. The mentioned treatments were conducted at veraison stage in compare to the traditional treatment with Ethrel. The cluster weight, total yield/vine, 100 berries weight, berry firmness, total acidity, TSS, TSS/acid ratio and total anthocyanine content were measured. The results referred to an ascending increase in anthocyanine content and a reduction in acidity % went in parallel to Paclobutrazol concentrations increase. Spraying of 10 ppm of PP333 led to a significant increase in berry weight whereas120 ppm concentration achieved the highest TSS/acid ratio.
Table grape berries are classified as a perishable crop that deteriorates quickly after harvest. The application of melatonin after harvest was found to be effective for retarding senescence and slowing ripening. In the current study, we tested the influence of two melatonin concentrations (50 and 100 µmol) as a postharvest application on quality, bioactive compounds, and enzyme activities of grape berries cv “Crimson” stored at 0 ± 1 °C and 90% relative humidity (RH) for 35 days. Our results indicated that melatonin application extends the shelf-life of berries by reducing weight loss and maintaining total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), berry adherence strength, and firmness. Melatonin treatment also reduced pectin methyl esterase (PME) and polygalactouranase (PG) enzyme activities compared to the control. Moreover, O2•− and H2O2 rates in berries were reduced by high melatonin concentration. Moreover, peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities were increased by melatonin application. Our findings suggested using melatonin postharvest to increase shelf life and maintain quality attributes during refrigerated storage, which could be advantageous on a large scale.
Plant growth regulators can affect the primary and secondary metabolites of various plant species. However, the effect of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on the composition of lavender oil, especially related to the terpenoid pathway, is still unclear in literatures. In this study, the effect of PBZ as a foliar spray (0.200, 400 and 600 ppm) on the vegetative growth, phytochemical content, and both antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of lavender oil were investigated. The results indicated that all examined PBZ treatments led to a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in growth parameters compared to the untreated plants. Meanwhile, the yield of essential oil was significantly decreased by the treatment of PBZ at 200 ppm compared to the control. In contrast, applied-PBZ significantly enhanced the chlorophyll content and displayed a marked change in the composition of the essential oil. This change included an obvious and significant increase in 3-carene, eucalyptol, γ–terpinene, α-pinocarvone, caryophyllene, β-vetivenene, β-santalol, ledol, geranyl isovalerate, farnesol, caryophyllene oxide, and phytol percentage. Generally, the highest significant values were achieved by the treatment of 400 ppm compared to the other treatments. Furthermore, this treatment showed the highest free radical scavenging activity against DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) by 13% over the control. Additionally, to determine the antimicrobial activities of the extracted oil, each treatment was examined against two strains of Gram positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. cereus), two strains of Gram negative bacteria (S. enteritidis and E. coli), and two fungal species (C. albicans and A. niger) represent the yeast modal and filamentous fungus, respectively. The findings demonstrated that all examined species were more sensitive to the oil that was extracted from lavender plants, treated with 400 ppm PBZ, compared to the other concentrations.
T HIS work aimed to establish an in vitro protocol for Blackberry "Karaka Black" micropropagation. Stem node explants were experimented on three types of medium salts (WPM, MS and B5) in establishment stage. Also, three types of cytokinins were tested for multiplication i.e. BA (0.0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 ppm), TDZ (0.0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 ppm) and Kin (0.0, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 ppm). Two soil mixtures were used in acclimatization stage. Finally, the effect of passage time and number of subcultures on multiplication rate were investigated. The results indicated that WPM followed by MS medium gave the highest shoot length and leaf number. BA at 0.4 ppm, Kin at 5.0 ppm and TDZ at 0.1 ppm achieved the most preferable values for multiplication stage but the kinetin one gave the healthiest plantlets. The most microshoots got well-formed roots in multiplication phase. Consequently, rooting stage was not required. The multiplication rate slightly decreased after the 3 rd subculture and three months of culture date proved to be the most suitable passage time among subcultures. Peatmoss and sand mixture gave the highest plantlet quality during acclimatization.
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