Background The context and purpose of the study are as follows: Drug-borne infections may arise from non-adherence to strict microbiological quality of pharmaceuticals products. Moreover, presence of exceeding levels of microorganisms in non-sterile pharmaceuticals may lead to change of their organoleptic characteristics and loss of effectiveness. The aim of the study is to evaluate the microbiological quality of commonly used non-sterile pharmaceuticals in Alexandria, Egypt. Results Average microbiological quality of the studied products, where 17.03% and 19.23 % of samples had exceeded the maximum acceptable limit of TAMC and TYMC, respectively. No E. coli was isolated from oral products. None of S. aureus nor P. aeruginosa were isolated from topical products. Bacterial growth was recovered from 19 (10.44%) of the studied 182 samples, four Bacillus spp. had been recovered from topical products, two P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered from tablets and other two were isolated from syrups dosage forms. Other isolates were Pseudomonas stutzeri, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter Achromobacter denitrificans, Ochrobactrum anthropic and Aeromonas salmonicida. Conclusion Average microbiological quality of the tested pharmaceuticals used in Alexandria.

Aims The present study aims to evaluate the capability of rosuvastatin to synergize with levofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus. Methods and Results Rosuvastatin inhibited the growth of S. aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration of 16 μg ml−1. Additionally, it showed a bactericidal effect at 4x minimum inhibition concentration. Using a checkerboard method, a synergistic effect was recorded when rosuvastatin was combined with levofloxacin showing against S. aureus isolate 28 (S 28). Furthermore, this combination was also able to display a significant reduction in biofilm formation (92·8%) and suppress the production of coagulase and β‐haemolysin, and virulence factors of S. aureus isolate 28. An animal model for wound infection was used to assess the therapeutic effect of the test combination, in vivo. It was found that the test combination reduced the bacterial burden in the infected wounds by 91·3%. Pathological and histological analyses have revealed a decline in cell infiltration in the excisional wound skin tissue after treatment with rosuvastatin and levofloxacin combination. Conclusions Rosuvastatin combined with levofloxacin can be considered as a promising solution to combat S. aureus antibiotic resistance phenomenon. Significance and Impact of the Study This study unveils the potential effect of rosuvastatin when used in combination with levofloxacin can be used as a topical antibacterial agent to treat S. aureus skin infections.

Background: Foodborne illness is a serious health-related problem especially in hospitalized patients. Objective(s): The present study aimed to evaluate the bacterial contamination of meals served in a university hospital in Alexandria, Egypt. Methods: This cross-sectional study covered 280 samples of processed and non-processed food that were randomly taken from various wards, from a university hospital in Alexandria. All samples were exposed to aerobic plate count using pour plate method. Multiple tube dilution approach was used to detect and enumerate total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Results: The total plate count (TPC) of the 280 samples ranged from 2.2x10 2 to 4.4x10 11 CFU/g. Tomatoes had the highest mean value 9.98x10 9 CFU/g, while bread exhibited the lowest mean value 2.5 x10 2 CFU/g. The fecal coliform (FC) count for processed and non-processed food showed unsatisfactory results in 24.3% and 42.0 % (reviewer 2 comment A6) respectively. E. coli were detected in 7.1 % of processed and 30.6% of non-processed samples. Conclusion: The considerable unsatisfactory level of E. coli in some of the tested samples is augmenting the need to improve food preparation, handling, storage, and distribution in the hospital.