Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the implementation of Contingency Management (CM) intervention in a mandatory treatment center in Malaysia. Treatment engagement within psycho social sessions and treat- ment motivation were monitored in a randomized controlled trial study. Methodology: A total of 44 patients were chosen as participants and randomly assigned into two groups namely the experimental group of treatment as usual + contingency management (TAU+CM) (n=22) and the controlled group of treatment as usual (TAU) (n=22). The TAU+CM group followed a 12-week CM intervention and 4-week maintenance period without CM reinforcement. Meanwhile, the TAU group went through 16 weeks of usual psychosocial session implemented in the center. Measurements: The main outcome of the research was the effect of CM toward treatment engagement within treatment session and a secondary analysis to measure the patients’ treatment motivation using Treatment Motivation Questionnaire (TMQ) during pre, post, maintenance phase and follow up after four months. CM reinforcement using reward stickers with monetary value were contingent with every achieved treatment engagement behavior. No reward was given to the TAU group. Findings: CM found to be effective on treatment engagement of the patient and has a significant effect on motivation especially toward internal motivation. Conclusion: CM proven to be effective in improving patients’ treatment engagement and patients’ motivation internally compared to the usual program.
Despite Contingency Management Intervention (CM) having been proven to be a highly effective intervention in the context of substance use treatment and rehabilitation worldwide, it is still rarely studied in the context of institutionalized treatment settings. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of CM intervention conducted in an institutionalized drug treatment setting in Malaysia. The study's main objective was to examine the effectiveness of CM intervention on clients' treatment engagement within a usual psychosocial (PS) program. A total of 44 clients from the Narcotic Addiction Rehabilitation Centre or PUSPEN were randomly assigned into two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group followed a 12-week psychosocial intervention (PS) with CM intervention (CM) (PS+CM). Meanwhile, the controlled group inclusively went through 12 weeks of the usual psychosocial intervention program (PS). CM intervention was used to reinforce clients' engagement within treatment sessions by giving tangible rewards for every treatment engagement behaviour recorded. Rewards collected have an associated monetary value which was used to redeem retail items such as food, toiletries, books and clothing items. Data collection was performed weekly for every psychosocial session conducted by the PUSPEN's treatment officers. The findings demonstrated that CM intervention effectively improves clients' treatment engagement and verified that CM interventions can also be conducted in an institutionalized drug treatment setting in Malaysia.
This study explored the experiences of meth-dependent patients to gain insight into their thoughts and feelings on the Contingency Management (CM) intervention used during their three-month therapeutic session at a rehabilitation center in Dengkil, Malaysia. This basic qualitative research interviewed seven participants who had just finished undergoing the CM intervention process as the main therapeutic approach. The results indicate eight major themes from three research questions: (a) increased strength to turn their life around, (b) provide positive feelings, (c) application of knowledge, (d) reward as an afterthought, (e) realization of correcting past mistakes, (f) continuous encouragement to change, (g) more confidence in their ability to change, and (h) happy seeing positive rewards to their actions. Results of the study indicate that they found CM to be successful in their recovery process from meth dependence, especially in strengthening their intrinsic motivation. Patients also feel that the reward-based system used in CM has been beneficial in making them feel more happier and realizing the past mistakes that they have made.
Background and aims: Contingency management (CM) is a highly effective intervention and has been widely tested and evaluated in the context of substance abuse treatment worldwide. However, this approach is still new in developing countries such as Malaysia. This article aims at determining the effect of CM on treatment engagement within a psychosocial program in a compulsory treatment center in Malaysia. Methods: A randomized controlled trial design was used in this study. A total of 45 methamphetamine-dependent inmates were selected as subjects and randomly assigned into two groups namely the experimental group of treatment as usual + contingency management (TAU+CM) (n=22) and the controlled group of treatment as usual (TAU) (n=23). The TAU+CM group followed a 12-week CM intervention and 4-week follow up session without CM reinforcement. Meanwhile, the TAU group went through 16 weeks of usual psychosocial session implemented in the center. Measurements: The primary outcome of the study was treatment engagement within treatment sessions. It is measured by three parameters which are the assessment of (1) homework completion, (2) active participation and (3) understanding of treatment session. CM reinforcement in a form of star stickers with certain monetary value was given to subjects who achieved the targeted goal in the TAU+CM group. The value of the stickers started from RM2.00 and the magnitude would increase every four weeks. No reinforcement was given in the TAU group. Findings: The TAU+CM group seemed to enhance the treatment engagement within the 12-week psychosocial program. Overall, both groups have showed an increased treatment engagement with the TAU+CM group has a higher achievement than the TAU group. However, the overall differences between the groups were not statistically significant, thus rejecting the main hypothesis of the study which hypothesized that there will be significant differences in treatment engagement between the TAU+CM group and TAU group. Conclusion: The study of CM in a special population, especially in a compulsory treatment center, has been very challenging for researchers. Some studies had similar insignificant result could be due to the special population effect which needs to be further investigated in future studies.
The objective of the study was to determine whether contingency management (CM) intervention also known as motivational incentive influences intrinsic motivation of clients in an institutionalized drug treatment centre. A Randomized controlled trial design was used in this study involving random assignment of subjects into experimental and controlled groups. A total of 44 clients were divided into two groups namely the experimental group who received the usual program with CM intervention (CM) and the control group receiving only the usual program (TAU). CM interventions are administered from the beginning of the first week to week 12th and terminated on the 13th to 16th week to observe the follow-up effect of CM's effectiveness on client motivation. CM interventions used in this study via sticker chart rewards system where every achieved positive behaviour changes in the treatment session will be rewarded with a reward sticker which will be put on the clients' achievement chart. The sticker has a certain monetary value that can be exchanged with privileges or certain items. Experimental groups received CM rewards while no rewards are given to the control group. To measure the client's motivation level, two standardize instrument was used which was the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA) and the Treatment Motivation Questionnaire (TMQ). Qualitative data was also collected through a semi-structured interview to gain an in-depth input on the effectiveness of CM toward the client's intrinsic motivation as well as to determine the consistency of the quantitative findings. The results showed that CM effective in improving the intrinsic motivation of the clients towards the treatment programs. Results of the interview showed that most clients felt that CM helped increase their selfmotivation to participate in the treatment session and enhance their spirit to implement the knowledge learned from the treatment session.
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