Background COVID-19 has affected the training programs and the clinical schedules of surgical wards in many countries, including Iran. Also, the continuous involvement with COVID-19 patients has caused stress in health care workers; among them, residents are on the frontlines of care delivery. Therefore, we designed a study to assess the mental effects of these circumstances, and the effects on General Surgery and Obstetrics & Gynecology residency training in the busiest surgical departments of our university. Methods Participants of this cross-sectional study were residents of General Surgery and Obstetrics & Gynecology of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, and the conventional sampling method was used. We used a questionnaire consisting of 47 questions (mostly using multiple choice questions and answers on the Likert scale) about personal, familial, and demographic characteristics; training activities, and mental effects of COVID-19. Results The response rate was 63.5%. (127 filled questionnaires). Around 96% of the residents had emotional problems, 85.9% were highly stressed about contracting COVID-19, 81.3% were worried about transferring it to their families; and 78% believed that their residency training had been impaired. Conclusion Overall, our study shows the negative impact of COVID-19 on mental health and the training of residents. We propose that appropriate emotional support and suitable planning for compensation of training deficits is provided for residents.
&aragangliomas are tumors that may located within intra or extra-adrenal regions .The histologic pattern of paragangliomas known as Zellbellen pattern consists of cell nests that are cinctured with fibro vascular tissue. The exact cause of formation of carotid body tumors has not been recognized but according to the higher incidence of these tumors in high altitude areas it seems that hypoxia may have a role in activating the chemoreceptors and also tumor organization. Another cause of chronic hypoxia is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease which may relate to carotid body tumor. Although the various diagnostic methods, the diagnosis is delayed because the most numbers of these tumors are asymptomatic. Material and Method PIntroduction: Carotid body tumors are rare tumors of the head and neck that arise from a chemical receptor organ with unknown underlying cause. But it seems that living at high altitudes can increase the incidence of these tumors. Materials and Methods:This research was the result of a study on a series of recorded cases of carotid body tumors. Recorded data from 100 patients with carotid body tumors were collected between 2014 and 2016. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software and quality and percentage data were reported for quality data and mean and standard deviation for quantitative data.Results: In this study, the mean age of the total affected population (24 12.24) was 51.74. The prevalence of carotid body tumors was higher in women than men (78% vs. 22%). Also, carotid body tumors were mostly unilateral (90% vs. 10%) and the frequency of tumors on the right was higher than on the left (51% vs. 37%). All patients in our study underwent surgical resection and the overall survival was 100%. Conclusion:Carotid body tumors are rare and almost asymptomatic tumors in the head and neck that are mainly seen in non-smokers with a mean age of 51 years. Surgery is one of the treatment options for these tumors. But radiotherapy may also be used as an alternative method.
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