Background: The mental foramen is one of important anatomical features frequently encountered in maxillofacial surgical procedures in premolars area. Its position has been shown to vary according to race. In this study researchers aim to study the position, shape, and appearance of the mental foramen, as seen on panoramic radiographs of Palestinians, and to compare our findings with international values. Materials and methods:A randomly selected panoramic radiographs (368 with 736 sides) from the records of dental patients attending three dental services in north of Palestine, the mental foramina's anterior-posterior position, shape, and radiologic appearance were subjected to analysis. Results:The most frequent anterior-posterior position was in the area between the long axes of first and second mandibular premolar teeth. The most frequent appearance was the continuous type and majority of foramina were rounded in shape. Conclusion:The position of the mental foramen on panoramic radiographs in this selected group of Palestinians was most commonly between the mandibular premolars. The continuous type and rounded shape of the mental foramen was founded in majority of cases. These results are similar to previous findings in Caucasian populations.nerve exiting the mental foramen gives off three branches deep to the depressor anguli oris muscle, one of which innervates the skin of the mental area, and the remaining two innervate the skin of the lower lip, mucous membranes, and the gingiva as posterior as the second premolar [5]. Mesial to the mental foramen, studies were able to confirm the existence of an incisive canal, which can be an extension of the mandibular canal [4,5]. It is usually hard to identify, and its neurovascular structures may be running through the trabecular network. A very small percentage of the population (1%) has bifurcating mandibular canals, which proceed anteriorly into an inferior superior and medial lateral plane [6]. Therefore, the bifurcated mandibular canal will exit in two separate mental foramina. In these case clinicians have to be cautious since a panoramic or perapical film may not reflect it. Furthermore, Dario et al. suggest that the clinicians planning a surgical implant placement procedure above the inferior
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