The purpose of this study is to realize the opportunities of Halal industry exploring the driving factors of this fastest growing industry in the world. The global Halal industry as a whole is estimated to worth around USD2.3 trillion (excluding Islamic finance) a year, is now one of the fastest growing markets. Simultaneously, the global market growth is estimated to reach at an annual rate of 20 percent per annum. Such expansion of the industry is because the global halal market of 2.18 billion Muslims is no longer confined Muslims only. Similarly, the Halal industry is no longer confined to food and food-related products, but rather to include pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, health products, toiletries and medical devices as well as service sector components such as logistics, marketing, print and electronic media, packaging, branding, and financing. This paper attempts to examine the current realities of the global halal industry by observing the factors determining such increasing demand for Halal industry in addition to the opportunities that are offered from on recent global development in the market.� According to the Islamic rules and regulations the word halal is rooted from an Arabic word which means �permissible� or �lawful�. The concept of halal is not bound to food-related items only but to multiple other aspects such as products, which can be further categorized into various groups, for instance, cosmetics, self-care, health, tourism and services. A global survey discovered that the Muslims spend on food, beverages and lifestyles amounting to USD$2 trillion in 2016. Moreover, the global Muslim market spends on travel reaching USD$169 billion in 2016 and expected to increase to USD$283 billion in 2022. Meanwhile, the Muslim average per capita income (GDP) has risen from USD$1763 to USD$6530 from 1993 to 2010. To achieve the objectives of the study, a methodology of analyzing secondary data was adopted in this paper. The sources of all secondary data and information were extensive literature review, library search, a number of different websites, online journal publications, conference proceedings, thesis, different institutional reports and publications. The findings show that there are three major factors driving the rapidly growing global halal market. First, sizable and growing Muslim population at 1.8 per cent per annum, Second, growing economic development and hence increasing purchasing power among the Muslim. Lastly, emergence of the potential halal market in non-Muslim nations and halal industry players. Nonetheless, numerous challenges confronting Halal industry players. These include the standardization of halal, lack of data, animal right, halal is not compulsory in many Muslim countries and others. As a way forward, industry players need to deepen knowledge and understanding of the Muslim market (pattern and behavior), regularly update data, and exploit untapped market niches as well as product sales and promotion. Findings and recommendations of this work will be a great resource for future researchers and scholars in relevant areas as well as policy makers to make their strategic decisions in the fields of Halal Industry.
Purpose This paper aims to ascertain whether halal certification mark, halal brand quality and halal awareness influence Nigerian consumers when making buying decisions. Design/methodology/approach The researchers reflect on the newly collected data to shed light on the above issues from the perspective of Nigerian consumers. To this end, a questionnaire was developed and used to collect data from 282 respondents. The data collected were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings This study found that halal certification mark and halal brand quality are the most influential factors that contributed to the consumers’ buying decisions in Nigeria. Originality/value Based on the findings of this study, the researchers have argued that more efforts are needed in the area of halal awareness in Nigeria. Similarly, the study argues that halal brand quality should always be held at the esteemed position. Based on the study’s findings, the authors have been able to fill the literature gap, particularly in the context of the Nigerian halal industry.
ABSTRACT:Wing flexibility controls the aerodynamic-force generation of flapping-wing flyers. As the wing flaps through the air, it is subjected to both aerodynamic force acting on the surface of the wing and inertial force due to the acceleration or deceleration of the wing's mass. The interaction between these inertial-elastic and aerodynamic forces resulted in wing deformation. To study the effects of skin flexibility and wing deformation on the aerodynamic performance of a flapping wing, fluid flow and structural analyses (two-way fluid structure interaction) are implemented in real-time application through the Multi-Physics Code Coupling Interface, using FLUENT and ABAQUS solvers. The different bending stiffness ratios are highlighted at 2,489; 159 and 1, which correspond to rigid, flexible, and highly flexible cases, respectively. In the present research, wing flexibility is investigated at low Reynolds number (Re≈9,000) and reduced frequency (k=1.92). To validate the numerical model, an experimental study was conducted, and the result of the mean aerodynamic lift and drag coefficient showed good agreement. The time-averaged aerodynamic performances, such as mean lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift-todrag ratio, revealed that the aerodynamic performance of flapping wings increases with the increase in flexibility.
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