Distributed Generation (DG) has been growing rapidly in deregulated power systems due to their potential solutions to meeting localized demands at distribution level and to mitigate limited transmission capacities from centralized power stations. Penetration of DG into an existing distribution system has so many impacts on the system. Despite the benefits a DG will provide; it has a negative impact on the power system protection, thus affecting both reliability and stability of the system. This paper evaluates the impact of DG on the power protection systems with DG integrated in the systems. IEEE 33 Bus system was modelled in full operational details using ETAP. Protection coordination was carried out using Modified PSO. To investigate the impact of DG on the protection systems, different fault scenario have been simulated with and without DG installed. The fault current level, false tripping, unintentional islanding, and behavior of the existing protection system were investigated considering two scenarios. Case one was the integration of single DG while case two was the integration of two DGs. The type of DG integrated was solar photovoltaic. Simulation results revealed that the fault current level for a 3 phase fault at bus 27 for the system increases by 2.5% for case one and 24% for case two. There was unitentational islanding and false tripping as a result of the current contribution from the DG. The sequence of operation of the protective devices clearly showed that there was mis coordination of the protective devices.
A renewable or nonrenewable power source connected to power system at distribution system level is called distributed generation (DG). DGs with optimal location and size are integrated in to power system to mitigate the problems associated with centralized generation of power system, however, as a result of the power electronics devices associated with some of the DGs, the power quality of the system is jeopardized. Herein, Whale optimization algorithms was deployed for optimal sizing and siting of PV DG in an IEEE 33 Bus test system and DigSIlENT software was used to create a model of the system to study its impact on the power quality and harmonics in the system. The results showed that the power loss of the system reduces to 89kW from 120kW and voltage profile of 9 out of the 33 buses which were below the recommended tolerance of ±5% fall within the tolerance. At the initial stage, there was harmonics as a result of the types of loads on the network which in turn affects both the voltage and frequency of the system, this parameter and the total harmonics distortion and harmonics voltage content in the system were increased significantly as a result of the presence of PV DG in the system. Furthermore, the frequency deviation of 10 buses in the power system with PV DG do not satisfy the recommended tolerance of ±0.2Hz, these deviations are due to non-linear loads and power electronics devices associated with the DG. This study has confirmed that integration of PV DG in to power system affects the power quality and increase the harmonics content.
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