SummaryIntroductionAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is very common in athletes. In the general population, incidence is approximately 33 per 100 000 people.Aim of the studyThe aim of the study was the evaluation of morphological changes in the musculus semitendinosus tendon used for the reconstruction of ACL to understand the quality of most common for surgery used material.Material and methodsThe materials were obtained from four ACL autologous hamstring reconstruction surgeries. The tissue was stained with hematoxyllin and eosin and with immunohistochemical (IMH) staining of PGP9.5, VEGF, collagen I and collagen III. The material was evaluated with semiquantitative method.ResultsRoutine staining showed practically unchanged tendon structure, with one exception when sclerotic blood vessels were observed in endotenon. Collagen III IMH demonstrated moderate to numerous positive collagen fibres in two cases, but in other two there were only few positive structures seen. Collagen I IMH showed few to moderate number of positive collagen fibres in all cases. In two cases, moderate number of PGP9.5 positive nerve fibres was observed and in two other cases occasional to few number of positive structures was detected. PGP 9.5 marked higher number of nerve fibres in peritenon than in endotenon. Numerous VEGF positive endotheliocytes were observed in two cases, but in two other cases VEGF positive endotheliocytes were occasional.ConclusionsTendon of musculus semitendinosus displays two patterns of distribution of tissue ischemia, neuropeptide containing innervation and collagen I and III. Collagen III is thought to be evaluated as a response of tendon to the ischemia and intensive innervation, while increase of collagen I probably is related to the relatively unchanged vascularity and innervation. The pattern of musculus semitendinosus tendon structural changes seems to be connected to the individual homeostasis in patients persisting before the usage of tendon for the reconstruction.
In this study, we examined if vacuum drying can be an effective way to remove water from substantia compacta, conducted in order to preserve bones for possible future transplantation. We found a number of interesting results. First, it seemed that vacuum drying removed the most of the water from substantia compacta. Second, we observed that vacuum drying did not damage the histological structure of the samples. These results indicate that vacuum drying might be used to remove water from compact bone, but more studies are required in order to assess how this method affects substantia compacta and also substantia spongiosa.
Meniscus is a fibrocartilaginous anatomical structure that realizes complicated biomechanical functions in the knee joint. However, no comparative morphology studies have been done on different species and conditions regarding the meniscus. Thus, the aim of our pilot study was to compare the morphology of traumatized and aged human and healthy deer meniscus to reveal the tissue ground, growth, degeneration, cell death and inflammation factors. The study included surgery materials from one deer and two humans. Biotin-streptavidin immunohistochemistry was performed for detection of tissue TGFβ1, MMP2, MMP9, collagen I, caspase, Il-1, Il-6, Il-10. The results were evaluated semiquantitatively. An abundant number of Collagen I positive cells were detected in the disordered human meniscus but not in the deer one. TGFβ1 was seen in numerous to abundant number of cells in all the three cases. MMPs and caspase were distributed with numerous to abundant cells in both human and deer meniscus. Numerous to abundant cells of traumatized and aged human menisci showed IL-1 and IL-6, while the deer meniscus demonstrated cytokine expression in a moderate number of cells only in limited zones. The traumatized human meniscus possessed an abundant number of IL-10 positive cells, while the deer and the aged human meniscus showed mainly a moderate number of IL-10 cells with some elevation of cytokine in superficial and deepest layers of the meniscus.
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