RésuméCette étude a eu pour but de montrer la pollution du milieu environnemental apportée par deux effluents industriels au Togo. Les résultats montrent que l'effluent du lavage de phosphate de Kpémé est très chargé en matières en suspension décantables (plus de 90% des matières en suspension). Ces matières en suspension (MES) sont essentiellement argileuses et contiennent des éléments métalliques. Environ 17,5 μg.g On comprend que le manque de législation, ou la non application des réglementations en vigueur en matière de gestion des eaux usées industrielles expose les milieux aquatiques et terrestres à toute forme de pollution dont les conséquences, à court ou à long terme, finiront par atteindre l'homme. Mots-clés :Effluents industriels, paramètres de pollution, cadmium, mercure, impact environnemental. Abstract Characterization of two industrial effluents in Togo : environment impact studyEnvironment pollution due to two industrial effluents has been investigated. Results show that effluent derive from the factory of the treatment of Kpémé phosphate ore was ).
Hydrochemical investigations of groundwater have been carried out on objectives of evaluating groundwater quality. Groundwater quality contaminations have emerged in many geographical areas due to natural environmental processes and human intervention in the geosystems. Geochemical evaluation of nitrate contaminated groundwater in Gulf region was investigated. Results showed that most of the samples contained high concentrations of nitrate. More than 70% of samples in central area contained high concentration of nitrate. Furthermore, results show that nitrate has a negative relationship with calcium and sodium, whereas relationship with magnesium, potassium, alkalinity, sulphate, chloride and electrical conductivity (EC) are positive. Factor analysis was used to identify key parameters that described the groundwater quality. Two factors were extracted as follows: Factor 1 explained 60% of the total variance, reflected the importance of the intrusion of salt water into the groundwater and factor 2 explained 35% of the total variance, and reflected impact of human activities and acid-rain recharge of the aquifers in the area. The geochemical modeling reveals that the high nitrate groundwater behaves like two kinds of the mechanism of hydrogeochemical evolution, namely the intervention of human activities, and the evaporation effect of the shallow groundwater.
Tél. (00228) 90 96 43 23 RESUME Cette étude a porté sur la caractérisation physico-chimique des eaux de forages d'hydraulique villageoise des aquifères du socle de la région centrale du Togo. Au total, 52 échantillons d'eau ont été analysés suivant les normes AFNOR. L'analyse en composantes principales (ACP) a permis de faire ressortir les corrélations entre les différents paramètres physico-chimiques (16) et de comprendre les processus pouvant être à l'origine de la minéralisation. Les cartes de distribution de la conductivité et des nitrates ont été ensuite réalisées. Les travaux révèlent que du fait de la prédominance des ions bicarbonate, calcium et magnésium, les eaux sont pour la plupart bicarbonatées calciques et magnésiennes. Les eaux sont moyennement minéralisées et de qualité acceptable. Cependant, on note que quelques échantillons présentent des teneurs de paramètres physico-chimiques supérieures aux directives de l'OMS et sont contigus aux eaux respectant ces normes traduisant ainsi le caractère discontinu et hétérogène de l'aquifère du socle. ABSTRACTThis study focused on the physicochemical characterization of rural water supply drilling made on base aquifers of central region of Togo. In total, 52 samples of water were analyzed according to the AFNOR Standards. The principal component analysis (PCA) allowed to highlight correlations between different physico-chemical parameters (16) and to understand the processes that can explain source of the mineralization. Conductivity distribution and nitrate maps were then performed. The work reveals that due to the predominance of bicarbonate calcium and magnesium ions, water is mostly calcic and magnesian bicarbonated. Water is moderately mineralized with acceptable quality. However, we note that some samples exhibit physicochemical parameters levels higher than those of WHO guidelines and are contiguous to samples up to standard showing discontinuous and heterogeneous nature of base aquifer.
Photocatalytic discoloration kinetics of Reactive Black 5 (RB5), a vinylsulfone dye, has been studied spectrophotometrically by following the decrease in dye concentration with time at ambient conditions using a flow loop reactor. UV lump, Black Light Blue (BLB) emitting at maximum wavelength of 365 nm and Ahlstrom Research Service paper consistent of TiO 2 P500 coated on non woven paper was used respectively as source of UV light and photocatalyst. At natural pH, the result shows that photolysis of RB5 and its adsorption in the presence of photocatalyst was negligible while the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) permits 30.8% of RB5 degradation. The degradation of dye was studied under a variety of conditions such as volumetric flow rate, initial pH, photocatalyst reuse, and in the presence of electron acceptor such as sodium persulphate ((Na) 2 S 2 O 8 ). The degradation rates were found to be strongly influenced by all the above parameters. The circulation flow rate of 108 L/h was the best. The rate constant calculated when the initial pH was varied shows that pH 3 was more favorable for RB5 removal. Peroxydisulphate ions have the strong effect on RB5 discoloration even in dark without and with photocatalyst. When UV light was used in the presence of photocatalyst, 50 min was enough for quasi-total removal of RB5 with 2 8 2 S O (0.2 M).
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