The focus of monitoring was the plant purposely cultivated because after re-vegetation, there were a very few of other plants growing naturally on reclimed coal mining area which were recorded, whereas these plants had important values. The research aimed to record all plants and to identify predominant plants over the reclaimed land of PT 2 Adaro Indonesia. There were four sampling locations with 13 squares of 50 × 20 m on each location established and 2 on each square there were 5 plots of 2 × 2 m plotse made. Both plant species and its individual number of woodyplant saplings were recorded on each square, so in each plot, there were small species and its individual number of either woody-plant seedlings or non-woody plants (herbs/shrubs, grasses, ferns). The relative density and the relative frequency of woody or non-woody plants were summed to obtain the important value index (IVI) of each successional stage. There were 107 plant species consisting of 32, 43, 27, and 5 species of saplings, seedlings/herbs/shrubs, grasses, and ferns respectively. From those species, 16 species of woody plants and 2 species of herbs were planted purposely,other species grew naturally and even some of them were dominants. Either the number of plants or the dominating plant is varied according to the sampling location and the growing stage.
Abstract. Nugroho Y, Soendjoto MA, Suyanto, Matatula J, Alam S, Wirabuana PYAP. 2021. Traditional medicinal plants and their utilization by local communities around Lambung Mangkurat Education Forests, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 306-314. Lambung Mangkurat Education Forests (LMEF) is a unique forest area with high plant diversity, including medicinal plants. This study aimed to document the list of natural medicinal plant species in LMEF and analyze the community perceptions on utilizing them. Exploratory surveys collected data through field observation and interviews with people living in villages around LMEF. The inventory of medicinal plants was conducted by line transect method with 1,000 m long and 20 m wide. Meanwhile, indigenous communities' description of medicinal plant utilization was explored using an interview process on fifty respondents. The results showed that 56 medicinal plant species were naturally distributed in LMEF. Most plants have habitus as trees, wherein local communities commonly use their leaves as traditional medicine. Local people generally applied the extraction process using hot water to obtain the benefit of these plants. Interestingly, more than 70% of respondents prefer traditional medicine to drugs. These findings indicated that the sustainable management of LMEF can support the vital role of forest ecosystems for people's health.
Soendjoto MA, Riefani MK, Triwibowo D, Metasari D. 2018. Birds observed during the monitoring period of 2013-2017 in the revegetation area of ex-coal mining sites in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 323-329. The number of bird species in the reclaimed and revegetated ex-mine site increases as the vegetation age increases. To test the hypotheses, the number of bird species was recorded at 08.00-12.00 and 14.00-17.00, 6-8 days for eight consecutive semiannual monitorings of 2013-2017 in four revegetation sites. Since the second half of 2015, another revegetation site, namely BP was added. Bird species were recorded in 25 m right side and 25 m left side of the observation path and within a radius of 25 m of observation points. To show an increase in the number of bird species, the number of newly discovered bird species in the given semiannual monitoring was added to the number of bird species in the previous semiannual monitoring. The number of bird species in the early semiannual monitoring was used as the baseline value. A bird species was categorized as a resident if the species was observed in each monitoring in the four vegetated sites. Up to the last monitoring, 53 bird species were recorded in the first four sites and 70 bird species in five sites (four reclamation and revegetation sites and one additional site, BP), while in the early semiannual monitoring (second half of 2013) birds recorded were only 30 species. This result shows that the older the vegetation age in the vegetated site, the greater the number of bird species utilizing the site. Seventeen species of birds were categorized as residents. These resident bird species includes White-breasted Woodswallow, Pied Triller, Scalybreasted Munia, Asian House-martin, Pacific Swallow, Long-tailed Shrike, Blue-throated Bee-eater, Olive-backed Sunbird, Sootyheaded Bulbul, Yellow-vented Bulbul, White-breasted Waterhen, Ashy Tailorbird, Yellow-bellied Prinia.
Data on crab species in the Mangrove Ecotourism Area Pagatan Besar Village, Tanah Laut Regency is not yet available. The purpose of this study was to describe the species of crab in the mangrove ecotourism area and explain its density and diversity. Three walkways that are made of ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwagery) with a width of about 1.5 m and a length of about 100 m stretch about 1.5 m above the mud surface. The three wooden walkways were used to observe species and count the number of crab individuals found in the sample plots. For each wooden walkway, there were 6 (1 m x 1 m) plots on the left and 6 (1 m x 1 m ) plots on the right. The distance between plots from the land to the sea was 20 m. Seven crab species are described. Two of them are crabs that are active at night. All crab species become denser along with the qualitative existence of mangrove forests and their shade to the environment and the substrate below. On the other hand, species diversity is thought to be influenced by the type of substrate (clay and sandy loam) and exposure by sunlight.
Grass can be said to be one of the most successful land plants and is found in all types of growing sites and a variety of circumstances. The Poaceae family is the fourth largest family of flowering plants in the world and there are around 11,000 species with 800 genera. A large diversity of species characterizes a stable community. The term swamp is generally closely related to the conditions of standing water, tidal overflows, floods, and mud. This study aims to identify and find out the diversity index (H') of the Poaceae family in the swamp area of Sungai Lumbah village, Barito Kuala district. The steps of this research are determining the location of the study, observing and identifying species, counting the number of clumps per species at each sample point, tabulating data to obtain the diversity index (H '), measuring environmental parameters. Based on observations, 14 species of the Poaceae family were found, namely Bambusa sp., Brachiaria mutica, Digitaria longiflora, Eleusine indica, Eragrostis unioloides, Imperata cylindrica, Ischaemum muticum, Oryza sativa, Panicum paludosum, Panicum repens, Paspalum commersonii, Paspalum conjugatum, Phragmites vallatoria, and Saccharum officinarum. The Poaceae family diversity index in the swampy area of Sungai Lumbah village is moderate (H' = 2.49).
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