This study aims to describe the protection of personal data of online transportation customer from the perspective of legal protection for privacy. Although online transportation services enable users to travel with low-cost easily, they also pose new challenges. The challenges include the absence of standards of protection for both passengers and drivers, especially the protection of the user's privacy rights. The issue of personal data protection and the privacy rights has arisen after some drivers intimidate their customers because the customers give bad ratings that the drivers do not desire. The types of intimidation are, among others, determining the work time, travel route, house condition, workplace condition, etc. Criminal individuals can expose all weaknesses in customers' personal data protection to commit acts of crime. In addition, the users' personal data can be transferred to other parties outside the jurisdiction of Indonesian law. This study uses normative legal research with prescriptive character. The legal approach used in this study is the conceptual and the regulatory approaches. The results show that, until now, there is no guarantee of the protection of privacy rights for online transportation users. The consumers' efforts to make legal remedies for compensation claims also face problems due to the existence of standard clauses in the provisions of the privacy policy.
This study aims to determine the role and position of farmer in the international trading system today. The development of the international trading system has an impact on the shift of food production system and food security policy which ultimately also has an impact on farmer's role and position in the global market. Evolution of agricultural structures in any periodization provide a clear description of the role and position of farmers in every era to enter the globalization. The globalization era was shaping a more liberal market system so that the role and position of farmers is becoming increasingly difficult in the international trading system. Keywords: role, position, farmer, international trading system. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran dan kedudukan petani dalam sistem perdagangan internasional dewasa ini. Perkembangan sistem perdagangan internasional berdampak pada pergeseran sistem produksi pangan dan kebijakan ketahanan pangan yang akhirnya juga berdampak pada peran dan kedudukan petani di pasar global. Evolusi struktur pertanian dalam setiap periodesasi memberikan gambaran yang jelas mengenai peran dan kedudukan petani pada setiap masanya hingga memasuki era globalisasi. Era globalisasi membentuk sistem pasar yang lebih liberal sehingga peran dan kedudukan petani menjadi semakin sulit dalam sistem perdagangan internasional.Kata kunci: peran, kedudukan, petani, sistem perdagangan internasional. A. Pendahuluan
<p>Abstract<br />This article aims to describe and analyze the legal aspects of Peer to Peer Lending related to legal issues and settlement mechanism. This type of research is prescriptive normative legal research. This type of research is normative legal research that is prescriptive. The research approach used is vertical and horizontal synchronization level approach. The type of data used in this study is secondary data covering primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. Data collection techniques used are by study of documents or library materials. Furthermore, the analysis technique used legal material analysis with teleological interpretation methods. Based on this research, the results show that the implementation of Peer to Peer Lending founds several problems including the risk of high interest so that many borrowers fail to pay and improper billing methods. Basically Financial Services Authority has regulated the preventation the risk of Peer to Peer Lending in several rules in Financial Service Authority Regulations Number 77/POJK.07/2016 and Financial Service Authority Regulations Number 18/POJK.07/2018 as guidelines for consumers regarding the complaints service mechanism and its resolution.<br />Keywords: peer to peer lending; risk; consumer complaints service</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis mengenai aspek hukum dalam Peer to Peer Lending berkaitan dengan permasalahan hukum yang timbul serta mekanisme penyelesaiannya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat preskriptif. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan taraf sinkronisasi vertikal dan horizontal. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder meliputi bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan studi dokumen atau bahan pustaka. Selanjutnya teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan analisis bahan hukum dengan metode penafsiran teleologis. Berdasarkan penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa dalam pelaksanaannya Peer to Peer Lending menemukan beberapa permasalahan, diantaranya risiko tarif bunga yang tinggi sehingga banyak Penerima Pinjaman yang gagal bayar dan cara-cara penagihan yang tidak patut. Pada dasarnya OJK sudah mengatur mengenai pencegahan risiko P2P Lending dalam beberapa ketentuan yang terdapat dalam POJK Nomor 77/POJK.07/2016 dan POJK Nomor 18/POJK.07/2018 sebagai pedoman bagi konsumen mengenai mekanisme layanan pengaduan konsumen dan penyelesaiannya.<br />Kata Kunci: peer to peer lending; risiko; layanan pengaduan konsumen</p>
<p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><em>This paper is partly the result of prime research of Higher Education discusses the contribution of legislation in the field of food PVP and protect the economic rights of breeders of plant varieties that produce seeds crops. research conducted an empirical legal research. Data obtained from informants and analyzed using interactive models of analysis. The results showed that Indonesia as one of the country have little megabiodiversity germplasm that can be developed into high-yielding varieties. Although there is little genetic but basically each region has the potential to develop high yielding varieties through plant breeding and protected by pvp. pvp is a form of protection of the economic rights of plant breeders. Although each region has the potential for yielding varieties that can be requested, but the PVP application of knowledge communities and relevant agencies on the protection of plant varieties is still lacking. Legislation in the field of food has not been able to PVP and encourage breeders of plant varieties produce seed crops because they can not protect their economic rights. Draft a list of six National Legislation Program 2010-2014, only two bill that has been passed into law, the Act Number 13 of 2010 concerning Horticulture was passed in 2010 and the Act Number 18 of 2012 concerning Food was passed in 2012.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords : </em></strong><em>protection of plant variety, protection of economic rights, food security</em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Tulisan ini merupakan sebagian hasil Penelitian Unggulan Perguruan Tinggi yang membahas kontribusi perundang-undangan bidang PVT dan pangan dalam melindungi hak ekonomi pemulia varietas tanaman yang menghasilkan bibit unggul tanaman pangan. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian hukum empiris. Data diperoleh dari informan dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan <em>interactive models of analysis. </em>Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara <em>megabiodiversity </em>hanya mempunyai sedikit plasma nutfah yang dapat dikembangkan menjadi varietas unggul.. Meskipun hanya terdapat sedikit plasma nutfah tetapi pada dasarnya tiap daerah memiliki potensi varietas unggul yang dapat dikembangkan melalui kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman dan dilindungi melalui PVT. PVT merupakan salah satu bentuk perlindungan hak ekonomi para pemulia tanaman. Meskipun tiap-tiap daerah mempunyai potensi atas varietas unggul yang dapat dimintakan permohonan PVT tetapi pengetahuan masyarakat dan instansi terkait tentang perlindungan varietas tanaman masih kurang. Perundang- undangan di bidang PVT dan pangan belum mampu mendorong pemulia varietas tanaman menghasilkan bibit unggul tanaman pangan karena belum dapat melindungi hak ekonomi mereka. Dari enam daftar RUU Program Legislasi Nasional tahun 2010-2014, baru dua RUU yang telah disahkan menjadi UU, yaitu Undang Undang Nomor 13 tahun 2010 tentang Hortikultura yang telah disahkan pada tahun 2010 dan Undang-Undang No 18 tahun 2012 tentang Pangan yang disahkan tahun 2012.</p><strong>Kata kunsi : </strong>Perlindungan varietas tanaman, perlindungan hak ekonomi, ketahanan pangan
The theory of natural law is usually used as a moral and philosophical foundation in order to protect the individuals property rights of Intellectual Property (IP). Philosophically, the protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) can not be separated from the dominant thought that emphasizes the doctrine of natural human factors research. This study is legal research by using law and historical approach. The analysis of primary data is qualitatively through internal valuing to obtain a complete understanding (verstehen), while the secondary data such as law material is analyzed using hermeneutics (interpretation), content analysis and deductive method. The result shows that in respect of the development of the theory of natural law, there are four dominant theory of natural law to examine IP namely utilitarian theory, labor theory, personality theory, and social-planning theories. Moral doctrine which is based on natural law was adopted by the IPR regime to protect the individual owners of IPRs in order to that rights would not be violated by others. The natural law theory (the natural right) is still relevant to be used as a moral and philosophical foundation for the protection of IPR, as an individual property rights.
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