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Wind power (WP) penetration in weak distribution networks is associated with adverse impacts on voltage quality. The installation of an energy storage system (ESS) is a possible voltage quality remedy in such milieus. This paper proposes a supercapacitor ESS for alleviation of voltage flicker resulting from WP integration. The proposed ESS control and management are tailored to that purpose such that the ESS offsets the flicker-producing fluctuations in the generated WP. The proposed power sizing of the ESS is defined by the estimated turbulence intensity and wind speed average at the installation site. A 2 MW wind generator of the doubly fed induction generator type is employed as a source of WP and simulations are conducted on a simplified test system, as well as a detailed 25 kV distribution network on which results are compared with acknowledged reactive power flicker mitigation approaches and verified by prototyping in a real-time simulation platform. The flicker measurement procedure is conducted per IEC Standard 61000-4-15.

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This paper studies the sensitivity of flicker severity to flicker mitigation planning solutions that can be adopted by distribution network operators. More specifically, the paper studies the flicker mitigation capacity under different bandwidths of direct voltage control stipulated by the network operator and implemented by a distributed wind farm, different MV/HV substation transformer ratings, series compensation of the distribution line and finally, the change of the wind farm connection point. The purpose of this paper is to provide results that help in the understanding of the feasibility and effectiveness of flicker mitigation solutions in the planning phase of a wind farm. A detailed typical North-American 25 kV distribution network is employed as the test network and a 10 MW DFIGbased wind farm is employed as the source of wind power. The flicker measurement is carried out for a 10-minute time frame according to the guidelines of IEC standard 61000-4-15. All studies are conducted on a multi-processor real-time simulator for its superior computational capacity.