In addition to image filtering in the spatial and frequency domains, fractal characteristics induced algorithms offers considerable flexibility in the design and implementations of image processing solutions in areas such as image enhancement, image restoration, image data compression and spectrum of applications of practical interests. Facing up to a real-world problem of identifying workpiece surface defects, a generic adaptive fractal filtering algorithm is proposed, which shows advantages on the problems of target recognition, feature extraction and image denoising at multiple scales. First, we reveal the physical principles underlying between signal SNR and its representative fractal dimension indicative parameters, validating that the fractal dimension can be used to adaptively obtain the image features. Second, an adaptive fractal filtering algorithm (Abbreviated as AFFA) is proposed according to the identified correlation between the image fractal dimensions and the scales of objects, and it is verified by a benchmarking image processing case study. Third, by using the proposed fractal filtering algorithm, surface defects on a flange workpiece are identified. Compared to conventional image processing algorithms, the proposed algorithm shows superior computing simplicity and better performance Numerical analysis and engineering case studies show that the fractal dimension is eligible for deriving an adaptive filtering algorithm for diverse-scale object identification, and the proposed AFFA is feasible for general application in workpiece surface defect detection.
Background: SMP30, as a calmodulin, is differentially expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) tissues and adjacent tissues. Previous studies have indicated that the expression of SMP30 is closely related to the prognosis of patients with HCC. However, little is known about the detailed role of SMP30 on HCC. Methods: The SMP30 overexpression and silenced cell lines were constructed through lentivirus transfection,the effects of SMP30 on migration and invasion of HCC were observed by Transwell assay. Then subcloned cell line with different migration abilities were undergone four rounds of screening from SMP30 overexpressing cell lines, and the transcriptome and proteome were detected and analyzed. The interactions of proteins with SMP30 were validated by AP-MS and COIP-WB techniques. Results: High expression of SMP30 can effectively inhibit the migration and invasion of HCC, but has no significant effect on cell proliferation and cell cycle. The cell lines with higher metastatic abilities have significantly higher calcium ion concentrations than those with lower metastatic abilities and higher expression of MMP9, MMP14 and MMP15 proteins. There is an interaction between SMP30 and tumor metastasis-related protein ROCK1, which reduces the phosphorylation level of cytoskeleton-related MLC protein. The SMP30 regulatesthe downstream molecule MLC protein phosphorylation and affects the formation of cytoskeletal structure. Conclusion: On the one hand, SMP30 regulates the expression of MMPs protein by regulating the Ca2 + concentration; on the other hand, SMP30 affects the phosphorylation level of MLC protein by interacting with ROCK1 protein. The combined effect of the two aspects inhibits the metastatic ability of HCC.
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