Climate variability has often been described as one of the most pressing environmental challenges.Our lifestyles, economy, health, income, livelihood and our social well-being are all affected by climate. This paper therefore, assessed climate variability, its effect of gender and coping strategies they adopt in Baringo County, Kenya. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing the data obtained for the study. Findings show that there is consisent decrease in rainfall and increase in temperature in recent times. Male gender dominates household decisions and roles such as land preparation, livestock keeping/feeding, pesticide application and fence construction in Baringo County, Kenya while the female gender dominates household roles such as water supply, domestic home chores and more of agricultural activities. Livestock migration was the major traditional coping strategy adopted in Baringo County. 56.8% of the respondents shows that cutting grasses for livestock was the major short term coping strategy adopted while Rainfall harvesting and storage (5.92%) was the least adopted in the studied area. Long term coping strategy to climate variability mostly adopted by the rural populace in is livestock migration (48.52%), it was also observed here that the least long term coping strategy adopted is finding alternative job as reputed by 4.44% of the respondents. Special intervention projects such as rain water harvesting techniques, drought resistant crops, short term crops etc, should be provided to rural populace/dwellers in Baringo County, and other parts of Kenya experiencing severe variability in climate, resulting to drought.
In this paper, we examine the possibility that the increasing number and size of dam/irrigation projects in northern Nigeria are having a corresponding increase in rainfall in spite of the threat of climate change. We modeled the rainfall trends over 11 meteorological stations over a period of 34 years (1971-2004). The trends were compared with each other based on the closeness of the meteorological stations with dam/irrigation projects. Results obtained showed a compelling evidence of a direct relationship between rainfall and dam/irrigation projects. The results indicated that the average rate of change in rainfall trends for the 11 stations ranged from-4.08 to 24.83mm per annum. Kano area had 24.83mm while Jos area had-4.08. Results obtained in this study thus provide evidence as to the extent that rainfall has responded to dam/irrigation projects.
This study was about Identifying climate change, by adopting the downscaling techniques in Umuahia metropolis. The study adopted ex-post-facto research design and data for maximum and minimum temperatures were collected from the archive of NIMET and for the period 1986-2015. On the other hand large scale predictor's data were collected from the archive of HadCM3 for these periods 1960-2001 (NCEP) and 1960-2099(HadGCM3). Analyses were done using SDSM, ANOVA, PPMC and MLR. The study unraveled that, Mean sea level pressure (MSLP), Relative humidity at 500-hpa (r500), Relative humidity at 850-hpa (r850), and Temperature at 2 meters above sea level (temp) are the predictors of minimum and maximum temperature in the area. This also showed statistical significance at P<0.05. During validation the monthly sub-model performed better by using these indices for minimum and maximum temperatures respectively R20.85 & 0.70; RMSE 2.14 & 2.72; Rs 0.88 & 0.56; Value 0.00 & 0.00. Conversely, minimum and maximum temperature showed temporal variation for the period 1960-2080 at P<0.05 (F, 284.1) & p<0.05 (F, 227.1) respectively, therefore indicating significant change in temperature characteristics. The study strongly advocate assembling a working group that will work on a regional downscaling project, forging a synergy between Nigerian meteorological agency and the working group, producing a localized GCM, and the need to carry out similar study across the other regions of Nigeria.
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