There has been no report showing the effect of arsenic level on digitized skin pigmentation level, a typical diagnostic marker for arsenicosis. Correlations among history of drinking well water, arsenic levels in hair and toenails, and digitalized skin pigmentation levels (L*-value) in sunlight-exposed (forehead) and unexposed (sole) skin areas digitally evaluated by using a reflectance spectrophotometer were examined in 150 residents of Bangladesh. Univariate analysis showed that arsenic levels in hair and toenails of subjects with a history of drinking well water were 10.6-fold and 7.1-fold higher, respectively, than those in subjects without a history of drinking well water. The mean L*-value of foreheads, but not that of soles, in subjects with a history of drinking well water was 1.15-fold lower (more pigmented) than that in subjects without a history of drinking well water. Significant correlations were found between duration of drinking well water and arsenic concentrations in hair (r=0.63; P<0.01) and toenails (r=0.60; P<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that the arsenic levels in hair and toenails and the duration of drinking well water were strongly correlated with the digitized pigmented level of the forehead but not that of the sole. An increase in the duration of drinking well water may increase hyperpigmentation in the forehead, but not that in the sole, through an increased arsenic level in the human body as shown in cutaneous appendicular organs (hair and toenails).
The use of complete dentures is not free of trouble. The dentures can produce severe side effects, which if left unchecked will produce, destabilization of occlusion, loss of retention, decreased masticatory efficiency, poor aesthetics, increase ridge resorption, tissue injury. The problems will progress till the stage where the patient will be considered prosthetically maladaptive and cannot wear dentures any more. The interaction of prosthesis and oral environment has several apects. The surface properties of the prosthesis may affect plaque formation. Surface irregularities and microporosities can enhance microbial colonization. Plaque formation is also influenced by: design of prosthesis, health of adjacent mucosa, composition of saliva, salivary secretion rate, oral hygiene, denture wearing habits. Thus, a prosthesis may promote infection of the underlying mucosa, caries and periodontal diseases of the overdenture abutments, perimplantitis (inflammation of the peri-implantal membrane), chemical degradation or corrosion of prosthesis. All these disorders produced/ accelerated in the oral tissues due to the presence of a denture are grouped as sequelae of wearing complete dentures. Sequelae of complete denture wear can be divided into direct and indirect types depending on the effect of the prosthesis on the tissues are discussed and hence the current literature is reviewed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v3i2.16614 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.3(2) 2013: 51-56
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