The aim of this paper is the development of the two different numerical techniques for the preloading of bolts by the finite element method using the software Abaqus Standard. Furthermore, this paper gave detailed guidelines for modelling contact, method for solving the numerical error problems such as numerical singularity error and negative eigenvalues due to rigid body motion or the problem of the extensive elongation of bolts after pretension which is occurring during the analysis. The behaviour of bolted joints depending on the two different approaches of pretension was shown on the example of an extended end-plate bolted beam-to-column connection under the monotonic loading. The behaviour of beam-to-column connection was shown in the form and moment-rotation (M-ϕ) curves and validated by experimental test. Advantages and disadvantages of pretension techniques, as well as the speed of numerical models, were also presented in this paper.
U radu je provedena analiza ponašanja tankostjenog hrpta neukrućene zavarene grede na utjecaj jednoliko raspodijeljenog vertikalnog opterećenja. Izrađen je numerički model grede u programskom paketu ABAQUS. Cilj ovog rada je dobiti vjernu numeričku simulaciju ponašanja grede u usporedbi s laboratorijski ispitanom gredom čiji su rezultati ispitivanja preuzeti iz literature te analizirati pojavu izbočivanja u zoni panela hrpta. Provedena je linearna analiza kojom su određeni vlastiti oblici izbočivanja grede te nelinearna analiza kojom su određene vrijednosti deformiranja grede. Na kraju je dana usporedba rezultata dobivenih numeričkim simulacijama s rezultatima laboratorijskog ispitivanja.
It is well known that seismic links are usually designed to remain in elastic region during ordinary loading but withstand nonlinear deformation during seismic event having capability to dissipate seismic energy. The use of short seismic links is recommended because they are capable of dissipating seismic energy in larger quantity by shear, while the webs in these links are expected to yield in shear during large seismic events, i.e. dissipation of seismic energy by bending in links is negligible. Shear deformations are basically plane deformations of the cross section web of the link, without any significant tendency towards lateral torsional buckling. To achieve the required plastic rotation, local instabilities such as flange or web buckling should be delayed. The flange local buckling is delayed by specifying width to thickness ratio, while the web local buckling will be prevented by adding number of transverse stiffeners along the web of the link. The main purpose of the stiffeners is to preserve buckling of the seismic link web, i.e. to achieve plastification of the cross section by shear. Dissipation of energy in the stiffened link will occur sooner through inelastic shear deformations than through inelastic web buckling. The seismic links were chosen having the same cross section and the same length, but with different number of stiffeners, i.e. with three couples of stiffeners, two, one and without any stiffener respectively. A finite element modelling approach in investigating the structural behaviour of short links is presented. Both the material and geometric nonlinearities are considered in the FE modelling using the software ABAQUS and the Shear force -Displacement relationships was obtained. The FEA results are validated against the test results and the comparisons indicated that the FE analysis procedures agree well with the test results.
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