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Five microsatellite loci (MFW1, MFW3, MFW4, MFW5 and MFW7) were used to study the genetic diversity and characterization of different strains (Maharashtra, Local, Koi and Amour) of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The average number of alleles across all loci was highest in Koi (11.4) followed by Maharashtra (11.0) and Local strains (9.0). The amour had lowest (6.2) mean number of alleles. The mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged between 0.45 and 0.62, while expected heterozygosity (He) 0.32-0.68. Polymorphic information content mean values varied from 0.58 to 0.74. The Nm and the FST values indicated a low level of gene flow and high level of differentiation. The highest genetic distance was observed between the Amour and the Local strains, while the lowest was between Maharashtra and Local strains. The FST value ranged between 0.028 and 0.207.The common carp, Cyprinus carpio is a freshwater Cyprinid originated from Eurasia. This is an exotic spp. in Indian waters and its gene pool is expected to change due to isolation and adaptation process. To monitor the genetic changes, different types of genetic markers especially microsatellite are used. In the past decade, microsatellites have become a preferred tool for breeding applications and genetic fingerprinting due to their high information content. Microsatellite markers allow for fingerprinting animals for traits reflecting genotypic differences irrespective of phenotype displayed and provide a molecular means of tracking heritable elements. This guidance is important in the selection of brood stock since it improves the accuracy and quality of the breeding prediction for future generations. The aim of the study was to obtain insight into the relationships within and among different strains of common carp. The strains of common carp (Maharashtra, Local, Koi and Amour) maintained at Aquaculture Research and Seed Unit, Directorate of Research, MPUAT, Udaipur were used for present study. The caudal fin (approximately 100 mg) samples from 80 (20 from each strain) common carp were collected. The fin samples were kept in Eppendorf micro-tubes with absolute ethanol. Genomic DNA was extracted from tissue using a protinase K, phenol: chloroform protocol [1].Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done in a C1000 TM Real Time PCR (Bio-Rad) and reactions carried out in 15 ll reaction volume containing 10.88 ll of mili Q water, 1.5 ll of 1 9 PCR buffer, 0.6 ll of dNTP, 0.4 ll of reverse primer (0.3 pmol), 0.4 ll of forward (M-13 labeled) primer (0.3 pmol), 0.2 ll of tailed primer (0.3 pmol) 0.2 ll Taq and 1.0 ll of template. The amplification conditions recommended by Crooijmans et al. [2] were followed with some modification especially in annealing temperature. The PCR cycles were: pre-amplification denaturation at 94°C for 3 min, then 30 s at 94°C, 30 s at the respective annealing temperature (56°C

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Seaweeds are the macrophyte marine algae; a primitive variety of plants absent of true roots, steam and leaves. The term seaweed gives the erroneous impression that it is a useless plant but seaweeds are miracle plants of the sea and extremely useful plants. Among all these Indian coastal states Tamil Nadu and Gujarat states contributes more seaweed resource. Seaweeds were mainly utilized for food, medicine, fertilizers etc. In this study, four seaweed species were identified viz., red seaweed species Gracilaria corticata and Hypnea musciformis, Green seaweed species Ulva reticulata and Brown seaweed species Sargassum cinctum. The biochemical composition of those species were studied for Crude Protein, Fat, Carbohydrate, Moisture and Ash content. The values of biochemical composition were varies from; crude protein: 12.21±0.01-16.59±0.03%, lipid content: 0.20±0.02-3.10±0.04%, carbohydrate content: 46.74±0.03-58.16±0.05%, moisture content: 2.75±0.01-7.90±0.03 and ash content: 21.86±0.02-32.08±0.01%, which represents these available seaweed resources in future could become one of the supreme important resource and so in future this scenario ultimately causes the utilization and demand of seaweed was goes on increasing, not only along the India, but also from all over the world.

Khejri, Prosopis cineraria (the king of the desert or wonder tree, or golden tree) belongs to the Fabaceae family, is native to the north-west (Haryana, Rajasthan, Punjab, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat), central (Madhya Pradesh) and southern regions (Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana) of India (Liu et al., 2012). Prosopis species are native to arid and semi-arid zones of the Americas, Africa and Asia, with several American species (Pasciecznik et al., 2004). Different workers have reported that the average production of pods from per tree is around 20-100 kg.It has variable biomass production for Prosopis pod from 113.25 to 250.0 tons/ha (Gurumurti et al., 1984;Patel, 1986). Forty-four different Prosopis species are cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions in different countries of Asian, African and American continents (Garg et al., 2020).