BackgroundAntimicrobial photodynamic therapy has been proposed as an alternative to suppress subgingival species. This results from the balance among Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in the dental biofilm. Not all the photosensitizers have the same photodynamic effect against the different microorganims. The objective of this study is to compare in vitro the photodynamic effect of methylene blue (MB), rose Bengal (RB) and curcumin (CUR) in combination with white light on the cariogenic microorganism S. mutans, S. sanguis and C. albicans.ResultsPhotodynamic therapy with MB, RB and CUR inhibited 6 log 10 the growth of both bacteria but at different concentrations: 0.31–0.62 μg/ml and 0.62–1.25 μg/ml RB were needed to photoinactivate S. mutans and S. sanguis, respectively; 1.25–2.5 μg/ml MB for both species; whereas higher CUR concentrations (80–160 μg/ml and 160–320 μg/ml) were required to obtain the same reduction in S. mutans and S. sanguis viability respectively. The minimal fungicidal concentration of MB for 5 log10 CFU reduction (4.5 McFarland) was 80–160 μg/ml, whereas for RB it ranged between 320 and 640 μg/ml. For CUR, even the maximum studied concentration (1280 μg/ml) did not reach that inhibition. Incubation time had no effect in all experiments.ConclusionsPhotodynamic therapy with RB, MB and CUR and white light is effective in killing S. mutans and S. sanguis strains, although MB and RB are more efficient than CUR. C. albicans required higher concentrations of all photosensitizers to obtain a fungicidal effect, being MB the most efficient and CUR ineffective.
trols on palmar measures, such as a-b, b-c, c-d ridge counts and atd angle (P > 0.05).Our study showed that psoriatic patients expressed significant differences in dermatoglyphic traits. This gives us an indirect evidence of genetic influence on the aetiology of psoriasis. Although a recent study 1 showed that no sex-specific patterns of heritability of psoriasis were found so far, we suggest based on our study results that the possession of the gene for psoriasis has consistent effect on dermatoglyphics, especially in females.As far as we know, there are few studies in literature about dermatoglyphic traits in psoriasis. 6-8 To confirm our findings, a study found that the most frequent fingertip pattern in patients with psoriasis in both sexes was unlar loop pattern (43.16%). 6 Furthermore, no other studies were noted significant change in the atd angles of psoriatic cases. 7,8 During ontogenetic development, digital dermatoglyphic is defined before the palmar and plantar dermatoglyphics. For this reason, digital dermaglyphics undergo intrauterine environmental influences for a shorter time than palmar and plantar dermatoglyphics. It is also documented that women are less susceptible to changes in dermatoglyphic characteristics in comparison to men. 4,9 The present study has revealed only digital dermaglyphics differences rather than palmar dermatoglyphics in females.We concluded that the dermatoglyphic analysis will contribute to the genetic studies performed in psoriasis due to its advantages, such as easy applicability, fast result collection and cost effectiveness.
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