We investigated expression levels of Na + ,K + -ATPase K K-isoforms and their ATPase activities in human colorectal cancer tissue and the accompanying normal mucosa. A decrease in expression of the K K1-isoform protein was observed in all sampled cancer tissues compared with the normal mucosae. The level of ouabain (5 W WM)-sensitive Na + ,K + -ATPase activity in carcinomas was 81 þ 5% that of in the normal mucosae. The mRNA expression of K K2-and K K4-isoforms was decreased in almost all the carcinoma samples. Interestingly, the expression level of the K K3-isoform protein in the cancer tissue was higher than that of the normal mucosa. These results indicate that a decrease in the K K1-isoform expression and an increase in the K K3-isoform expression may be associated with colorectal cancer.
Recently, it has been reported that neonicotinoid pesticides (NNs) are transferred from mother to child and are assumed to affect the next generation, but the
behavioral effects of NN exposure at different developmental stages have not been investigated. We exposed mice to no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL)
doses of clothianidin (CLO) during the fetal and lactational period, and then evaluated the neurobehavioral effects in juvenile and adult mice. Significant
increases in anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity were observed in juveniles and adults, respectively, and neuronal activity and neurogenesis in the
hippocampal dentate gyrus were affected in both stages. These results suggest that fetal and lactational exposure to CLO may inhibit neurogenesis and cause
different behavioral abnormalities at different developmental stages.
Recently, developmental exposure to clothianidin (CLO) has been shown to cause reproductive toxicity in male mice, but the effects in female mice remain to be clarified. Pregnant C57BL/6N mice were given a no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) dose of CLO until weaning. We then examined ovaries of 3-or 10-week-old female offspring. In the CLO-administered group, morphological changes, a decrease in the immunoreactivity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), and activation of genes in the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway were observed in 3-week-old mice, and decreases of GPx4 immunoreactivity, 17OH-progesterone and corticosterone levels were observed in 10-week-old mice, along with high rates of infanticide and severe neglect, providing new evidence that developmental exposure to CLO affects juvenile and adult mice differently.
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