Toxicity of the cells of a newly established axenic Microcystis aeruginosa K-139 strain to mice was studied. LD50 of the cells harvested in the mid-log phase was 7.3mg/kg. The organs of acute dead mice were examined histopathologically.The blood congestion and necrosis of the parenchymal cells around the central veins in the liver were observed, but other organs seemed to be normal. The liver damage was confirmed by the tests of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities in the sera of the mice after the injection with the K-139 cells. Furthermore, the K-139 cells were capable of inducing interleukin 1 (IL-1) production by peritoneal macrophages in vitro.Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) belonging to the genus Microcystis were mostly responsible for the development of massive surface blooms in eutrophic waters (4, 6). Water pollution by Microcystis and other cyanobacteria is becoming a serious problem in many countries, including Japan. Natural cases of poisoning of large domestic animals by the blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa are not uncommon (3,4,6). Some strains and blooms of Microcystis were reported to contain toxins (1,3,4,(6)(7)(8)13). The toxins produced by M. aeruginosa are a related family of cyclic heptapeptides with molecular weights ranging from 909 to 1,044 (2). These toxins had cytotoxic properties which caused extensive hemorrhage in the liver (5,8,13). Lake Kasumigaura in Ibaraki prefecture has such blooms especially in summer, and M. aeruginosa is the most dominant alga in this lake. In a previous paper (12), we demonstrated that there were toxic and non-toxic algal blooms consisting of Microcystis grown in Lake Kasumigaura, and the mice that had received nontoxic Microcystis showed delayed-type hypersensitivity after the injection of specific antigen. Since Microcystis organisms form mucilaginous colonies and some bacteria are usually tightly associated with the colonies, isolation of axenic strains from the colonies is very difficult. However, we have succeeded in isolating them by developing a solid media suitable for the growth of Microcystis species (manuscript in preparation). In the present study, we deal with the toxicity of a newly established 787
DRC (dendritic reticulum cell) antigen expression was studied in 38 cases of B-cell lymphomas including follicular lymphoma. The results of this study showed DRC-1 to be expressed in 1/3 of small lymphocytic; 3/3 of mantle zone lymphoma (MZL); 10/10 of follicular, small cleaved; 6/7 of follicular, mixed; 1/2 of follicular, large cell lymphomas. However, DRC-1 was not expressed in any of diffuse, small cleaved (0/6) and diffuse, large cell (0/6). Although S-100 protein was positive in the majority of these DRC-1-positive cases on the paraffin embedded specimens, positive nodules were less intense and smaller in number compared with those of DRC-1 on frozen tissue specimens. These results suggest that in case of small lymphocytic lymphoma found to be positive for DRC-1, the networks of the DRCs are expressed in the pseudofollicular proliferation centers. This study also suggests that the networks of the DRCs newly appear accompanying the neoplastic growth rather than originating from residual germinal centers, and that neoplastic small cleaved cells play a major role in inducing the DRCs in the positive cases of follicular lymphoma, MZL, and small lymphocytic lymphoma.
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