The purpose of this study was to examine the existing level of English learning in Korea and China using the Metaverse, as well as the possibilities for future educational developments. This comparative study between Korea and China collected and examined two types of materials: literature and Internet news related to the research topic in order to achieve the research objectives. First, different articles were searched using the keywords 'Metaverse' and 'English', and removed duplicate and irrelevant articles. Second, the researchers examined 12 Korean and 15 Chinese journal articles. Third, from February 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022, the researchers did a media analysis on 37 selected Korean articles and 35 selected Chinese articles using the keywords 'Metaverse' and 'English'. Many learner awareness surveys on learning English using Metaverse have been found in the literature in both China and South Korea. However, the media research shows that many educational companies are developing and attempting to provide a condensed development and technical support, that was required in the dissertation. The results of this study will lead to a long-term collaboration between educational companies and public education, as well as recommendations for educational responses to the Fourth Industrial Revolution in the midst of rapid change.
The purpose of this study was to investigate in-depth the process of forming career identity of adolescents who were homeschooled in a life history study. The specific research agenda is to look at the process of forming career identity in the course of life for homeschooled adolescents, and to look at the turning points in life in the process of forming career identity. To this end, data were collected through three in-depth interviews from August 2022 for adolescents who had homeschooling for eight years from the age of 11. The collected data were analyzed using Mandelbaum’s life history analysis framework. As a result of the analysis, the study participants’ areas of life are defined as “Family Life Area - Fantasy in Career Development with Jjangi’s Family,” “School in the System - Why Jjangi could not find meaning in school 1,” and “Jjangi and Jangjeonggi 2 in Career Development” who discover themselves through homeschooling. The turning point in life is ‘Meeting a role model - Real life in class with a role model and career development 1: Back to institutional education to become a doctor’. The adaptation methods were analyzed as “the crisis is an opportunity- turning the grades in classrooms into reality and positive thoughts learned at the cram school,” “fight with oneself-reality in career development 2: being stricter with oneself,” and “standing again like a Ottogi-leaving the cram school and beginning a journey of new challenge.” In the conclusion section, opinions were suggested on what is necessary for teenagers who were homeschooled in the process of forming career identity and the limitations of this study were presented.
Objectives This study was conducted to explore ways to address the growing concerns of teachers ahead of the full implementation of the Korean high school credit system in 2025. This study focused on China, which has a strong cultural homogeneity with Korea and has already been implementing the high school credit system for 20 years, and conducted a survey on the degree of understanding and operation performance of teachers who experienced the high school credit system in China. The purpose of this study is to provide useful data to Korean high school teachers preparing for the high school credit system by examining the causes and improvements of the problems of the Chinese high school credit system for teachers who judged that their operational performance was insufficient. Methods A survey was conducted on 247 teachers working at high schools in Hunan Province, China, who re-established a plan to implement the high school credit system in 2020, to analyze their perception of the high school credit system. Quantitative data collected for the understanding, evaluation of the operation, cause and pattern of problems, and areas of the system improvement plan were analyzed by basic statistics, frequency analysis, and ANOVA using SPSS 25.0. Qualitative data on the improvement plan of the system were analyzed using the main word analysis and axis coding. Results Both Chinese teachers' understanding of the high school credit system and the performance of the high school credit system operation of working schools were found to be moderate. The results of this response showed significant differences in terms of the number of class students, age, and teaching career. Chinese teachers perceived the lack of teaching competence and expertise suitable for the high school credit system as a factor of hesitation in the operation of the high school credit system, and the lack of connection between the high school credit system curriculum and college entrance. The improvements they proposed were able to achieve results such as reducing graduation credits, simplifying and liberalizing the system, deploying resident professional teachers, improving parental awareness, and strengthening teachers' professional education. Conclusions Despite implementing the high school credit system for the past 20 years, China still has not brought about national stabilization, which is deeply related to the results of this study. Researchers conclude that these Chinese cases have great implications for the Korean high school credit system, which is about to be fully introduced, and suggest as follows. For the stable operation of the high school credit system in Korea, it is necessary to actively educate and promote the high school credit system in the educational community. It is necessary to deploy a dedicated teacher with expertise in students' subject selection guidance and career education. The age and requirements of teachers should be considered when planning a teacher training program. It is necessary to reduce credits for graduation from the high school credit system and strengthen autonomy by school or region. It is necessary to improve and agree on the academic management system.
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