New intercalated compounds of FeOCl and aniline derivatives were synthesized by soaking FeOCl in ethanol solution containing Lewis base intercalants. Only those Lewis base intercalants whose acid-dissociation constant is greater than 5 intercalate into the lattice of FeOCl. The acid-strength of the solvent is important for the formation of an intercalation compound. The intercalates of iron(III) chloride oxide FeOCl(G)1⁄n have been characterized by elemental analysis, powder pattern of X-ray diffraction, Fe-57 Mössbauer and infrared spectroscopies. The research on expansion of the b-axis of the unit cell and IR data confirm the location of the “guest” molecule within the van der Waals layer or the FeOCl lattice. Effective vibrating mass and lattice temperature derived from the Mossbauer spectra are affected by chemical bonding in the first coordination sphere of the iron atom.
By numerical calculation, it is shown that vortices are sequentially generated on the background charged layer forming parallel shear flows in a two-dimensional low beta incompressible plasma when the charged layer is locally disturbed by a small amount of additional charge. Numerical experiments are performed in a rectangular domain with 0<x<Lx and −Ly/2<y<Ly/2 and the background charged layers are distributed to form the plasma flow U in the x direction with a velocity shear of ∂U/∂y≠0. The boundaries at x=0 and Lx are to supply plasmas identical to the background plasma initially loaded inside the domain. The plasma particles reaching the boundaries are freely allowed to leave the experimental domain. A vortex (named the mother vortex) first develops the local charge disturbance initially given, and subsequently new vortices (named the daughter vortices) are generated on the charged layer. This can be thought of as a result of propagation of the initial disturbance: A relative plasma flow as seen from the mother vortex can carry downstream the disturbances originating from the vortex, which can trigger growth of the daughter vortex. The numerical experiments in our nonperiodic system show that the intervals between the vortices are relatively close to the wavelength of the most unstable mode predicted by the linear analysis for periodic vortices. It is also shown that the temporal growth rate γ of the vortex in its early growing period is comparable to the corresponding linear growth rate of the unstable periodic vortices with the same wavelength.
A scale for measuring yutori was developed, and then used to examine the effectiveness of efforts made by companies to promote yutori among their employees. Exploratory factor analysis revealed the following eight factors in the structure of yutori: economic wealth, free time, environmental amenities, competence, contentment, enjoyment, challenge, and behavioral freedom. Covariance structure analysis suggested that yutori was not only related to objective, material measures, such as time and economic sufficiency, but also included very subjective psychological concepts. An examination of the systems and measures provided by Japanese companies to promote yutori found a low correlation between ratings of the effectiveness of such systems and measures, and employees' scores on the eight yutori factors, even between systems and measures for reducing working hours and the free time factor, for example. No effective systems and measures for the promotion of yutori were observed. There is a need for a psychological perspective in studies of the promotion of yutori.
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