Objective-Recently, we established a simple method for the quantification of small dense LDL cholesterol (C) using heparin-magnesium precipitation. The small dense LDL-C level was identical to cholesterol in the denser LDL fraction with a density of 1.044 to 1.063 g/mL. The aim of this study was to examine clinical significance of this precipitation method for small dense LDL-C. Methods and Results-Small dense LDL-C was measured by a direct homogenous LDL-C assay in the supernatant that remained after heparin-magnesium precipitation with density Ͻ1.044 lipoproteins. In 313 normolipidemic subjects, the mean value of small dense LDL-C was 31Ϯ13 mg/dL. In 462 healthy subjects, small dense LDL-C levels were positively correlated with serum triglyceride and LDL-C and were inversely correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Combined hyperlipidemia showed the highest small dense LDL-C level among the various types of hyperlipidemia. Patients with type 2 diabetes had an increased small dense LDL-C level (55Ϯ17). Patients with coronary heart disease also had increased small dense LDL-C levels (53Ϯ30) irrespective of the presence of diabetes, whereas their LDL-C levels were comparable to those of normolipidemic controls (111Ϯ31 versus 104Ϯ22). Conclusion-These results suggest that measurement of small dense LDL-C by the present precipitation method is useful to evaluate atherogenic risk and may be applicable to routine clinical examination. Key Words: small dense LDL cholesterol Ⅲ precipitation Ⅲ hyperlipidemia Ⅲ coronary heart disease Ⅲ diabetes R ecently, small dense low-density lipoprotein (small dense LDL) has been highlighted as a new risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) in Westerners 1-4 and also in the Japanese population, which has relatively lower LDL cholesterol (C) levels. 5,6 The LDL particle size is usually measured by gradient gel electrophoresis using non-denaturing polyacrylamide according to the method of Krauss et al. 7 However, this procedure requires a long assay time, ie, overnight electrophoresis, staining, and destaining. Of course, this assay does not provide a quantitative determination of small dense LDL. Analytical ultracentrifugation is the standard technique for quantification of small dense LDL; 8,9 however, this method is also too laborious for general clinical use because it requires special equipment and a long running time.It is well known that the combination of divalent cations and a polyanion causes the precipitation of apoB-containing lipoproteins, which allows us to measure high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). However, we discovered that the combination of heparin and magnesium (Mg) did not precipitate all of the apo B-containing lipoproteins, but part of LDL remained in the supernatant, which was identical to the small dense LDL fraction (densityϭ1.044 to 1.063 g/mL) isolated by ultracentrifugation. 10 We subsequently established a simple assay for small dense LDL-C using heparin-Mg precipitation followed by direct measurement of LDL-C. 10 The ai...
Nifekalant (NF), a pure K(+) channel blocker developed in Japan, has been reported to be effective in the treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. We studied its efficacy in 18 men and 4 women with out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation (VF) admitted to our emergency department between August 2001 and March 2004. The number of DC shocks delivered for out-of-hospital VF, serum Na(+) and K(+), arterial blood pH, and base excess were compared in 8 patients treated with NF, 0.3 mg/kg i.v. followed by a continuous intravenous (group N) versus 14 patients treated with lidocaine, 2 mg/kg, i.v. (group C). The two groups were similar with respect to their baseline characteristics. Sinus rhythm returned in 5 of 8 patients in group N versus 2 of 14 patients in group C (P < 0.05). These seven patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, though all died within 1 month. The results of this study suggest that NF may be effective in defibrillation of out-of-hospital VF, though controlled studies are needed to confirm our observations.
Objectives: The present study was aimed at constructing the Japanese version of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire for breast cancer (Brief IPQ-JBC), for use with Japanese middle-and early old-aged women who had not previously undergone mammography. We also examined the psychometric properties of the translated instrument. Methods: Patients were 824 middle-and early old-aged women living in all parts of Japan, who
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