The effect of polaprezinc, a chelate compound consisting of zinc ion and L-carnosine, on abnormalities of taste sensation induced by feeding a zinc-deficient diet to rats was examined by using the two-bottle preference test (quinine hydrochloride as a bitter taste and sodium chloride as a salty taste). Rats were fed either a zinc-deficient or a zinc-sufficient diet. The zinc-deficient diet increased the preference for both taste solutions, while polaprezinc (at doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg) restored the altered taste preferences. We also evaluated the proliferation of taste bud cells using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). The BrdU incorporation into taste bud cells was significantly reduced in rats fed a zinc-deficient diet compared with rats fed a zinc-sufficient diet (from 50.8% to 45.0%, p<0.05) and this reduction was reversed by polaprezinc at doses of 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg, increasing to 50.2%, 53.5%, and 52.5%, respectively. These findings indicate that zinc deficiency induces the delayed of proliferation of taste bud cells, while polaprezinc improves cell proliferation. In conclusion, polaprezinc had a therapeutic effect in a rat model of abnormal taste sensation. Its mechanism of action was suggested to involve improvement of the decrease in taste bud cell proliferation caused by zinc deficiency.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of polaprezinc on morphologic change of the tongue epithelium and on cell cycle regulation of taste bud cells by using zinc-deficient rats, an animal model of taste disturbance. METHODS: After 28 days of feeding with zinc-sufficient or -deficient diet, the rats fed a zinc-deficient diet were divided into four groups in which 0, 1, 3 and 10 mg ⁄ kg of polaprezinc were administered for 28 days with continuation of diet. Histopathological and morphological examinations of the tongue were carried out. RESULTS: Parakeratosis was observed in all rats receiving the zinc-deficient diet and 1 mg ⁄ kg polaprezinc but not in rats receiving 3 and 10 mg ⁄ kg polaprezinc. The ratio of keratinizing epithelium in the outer and inner circumference were significantly increased from 9.6% and 11.3%, respectively, in zinc-sufficient rats to 36.9% and 32.9%, respectively, in zinc-deficient rats (P < 0.001 and <0.01). This increase was reversed to 13.7% and 12.3% in rats that received 3 and 10 mg ⁄ kg polaprezinc in the outer circumference, respectively. Same phenomenon was seen in the inner circumference part, 13.0% and 10.8% (P < 0.01), respectively. In addition, proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells in the taste bud were significantly decreased from 75.5% in zinc-sufficient rats to 32.2% in zinc-deficient rats (P < 0.001). This decrease was reversed to 70.3%, 83.1% and 81.2% in rats that received 1, 3 and 10 mg ⁄ kg polaprezinc, respectively. CONCLUSION: Polaprezinc improves parakeratosis and decreases taste bud cell proliferation caused by zinc deficiency. These effects may be involved in mechanisms underlying improvement of taste disorders in animal models.
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subcutaneously administered 0.3 and 3.0 mg/kg/day of ethinylestradiol for 2 and 4 weeks. Two weeks treatment decreased body weight gain, food consumption, absolute weights of testis, epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicle, and relative weights of epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicle. On the other hand, it increased absolute and relative weights of pituitary and adrenal glands, and induced atrophy of Leydig cells, degeneration/necrosis of pachytene spermatocytes, vacuolar degeneration of Sertoli cells, and retention of spermatids. In addition to the changes found after 2 weeks treatment, 4 weeks treatment induced exfoliation of germinal cells, decreases in spermatid and multinucleated giant cell formation and relative weights of testis. These results suggest that examination of prostate and seminal vesicle weights and histopathological changes in the testis are important for evaluation of male reproductive toxicity of ethinylestradiol and 2 weeks treatment is sufficient to detect toxicity on male reproductive organs.
Citation: Kimura M, Sugaya N, Kimata K, Kawachi M, Sawada M, et al. (2012) Effects of Dexamethasone on Tissue Injury and Reconstruction in Ethanol/Steroid Injection Therapy for Allergic Rhinitis. J Aller Ther S5:005. AbstractBackground: Conventional therapies involving radiofrequency tissue ablation or laser cauterization for allergic rhinitis are accompanied by lesioning and restoration of the mucosa, which are important healing processes for this therapy but difficult to control in their extent. To overcome this problem, we developed a therapeutic method based on the injection of ethanol (E) containing a glucocorticoid into the nasal mucosa; however, the mechanistic aspects of this method remain to be investigated. Objective:We first developed a mouse model of the tissue injury for therapeutic processes of allergic rhinitis by using skin tissues and then clarified the effectiveness of the glucocorticoid in the healing process of the tissue lesion caused by ethanol using the model.the dermis of mouse skin. Histological analysis of tissue damage, quantitative analyses of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expressions, and histological and quantitative analyses of some extracellular matrix molecules were performed.Results: Histological comparisons of damaged tissues performed using the skin model qualified it as an effective mimic of the nasal mucosa. In the model, the inclusion of Dex in the injection of E/Dex dramatically ameliorated tissue damage by significantly attenuating expressions of neutrophil chemotactic chemokines, such as keratinocyte chemokine and macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and osteopontin, compared to the injection of E alone. Inflammatory cell recruitment was also suppressed after the injection of E/Dex. Hyaluronan and versican expression increased after E injection, but hyaluronan expression was markedly suppressed after E/Dex injection. Conclusion:We confirmed that Dex alleviates the tissue damage caused by ethanol-induced activated neutrophils via suppression of neutrophil chemotactic chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduction of the inflammatory extracellular matrix, which reveals the effectiveness of glucocorticoids in our developing injection therapy.Citation: Kimura M, Sugaya N, Kimata K, Kawachi M, Sawada M, et al. (2012) Effects of Dexamethasone on Tissue Injury and Reconstruction in Ethanol/Steroid Injection Therapy for Allergic Rhinitis. J Aller Ther S5:005.
We made an original program P-16 using Humphrey field analyzer, which can evaluate the peripheral visual field within one minute after measuring the threshold test (24-2). This program was performed in 134 glaucoma eyes, 4 pigmentary degeneration eyes and 4 hemianopic eyes. We were able to classify the progression of glaucoma by measuring mean deviation with 24-2 program and P-16 program (24dB, 10dB) using static visual field analyzer. We conclude that these program were very useful in daily clinic because these programs were able to detect peripheral visual defect not only in glaucoma but in other diseases.
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