A highly basic solid catalyst was obtained by dispersing potassium salts such as KNO3, K2CO3 over alumina at the surface density of 10-15×1018 K+ ions m−2 and activating them at 773-873 K in vacuo; the activity for the double bond isomerization of cis-but-2-ene of thus obtained catalysts was one order of magnitude higher than that of MgO, a typical solid superbase.

We propose an ultra-small polarization splitter based on a resonant tunneling phenomenon. This polarization splitter consists of two identical horizontally oblong silicon wire waveguides separated by a vertical slot waveguide. The structural parameters of the central resonant slot waveguide are designed to couple only the TM-like mode between the left and right side silicon wire waveguides. Results from numerical simulation with the full-vectorial beam propagation method show that a 16-mum-long polarization splitter with extinction ratio better than -20 dB on the entire C-band is achieved.

In a series of spectroscopic work of the Rydberg states of CO, we present the rotational analysis of the v=0 and 1 levels of the singlet ns, np, nd and nf-Rydberg states (n=4–7). The spectra were measured by ion-dip spectroscopy with triple resonance excitation via the 3sσ:B 1Σ+ or the 3pσ:C 1Σ+ state. All the spectra were rotationally well resolved and the term value, quantum defect and the rotational constant were obtained for each state. Through the analysis of the rotational structure, the coupling between the Rydberg electron and the ion core has been investigated. For the np-Rydberg states, a switching from Hund’s case (b) to (d) was clearly observed with the increase of n. A significant perturbation was observed in the 6pπ 1Π and 7pπ 1Π states and it is suggested that these states are perturbed by the state with the same symmetry. For the nf-Rydberg states, the observed electronic energy was well analyzed by the long range force model and the precise ionization potential was obtained. The Rydberg↔valence and inter-Rydberg states interactions were also investigated. For the ns-Rydberg states, the interaction matrix element with the repulsive state was estimated from the measurement of linewidth of the rotational levels. The potential curve of the repulsive state to which ns-Rydberg states predissociate was also determined. Selective predissociation was found for the e-symmetry levels both in the v=0 and 1 levels of the nf-Rydberg state. A strong interaction between the v=0 levels of the 6d- and 7s-Rydberg states was observed.

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We have previously reported the association between chicken cholecystokinin type A receptor gene (CCKAR) haplotypes and growth traits in an F 2 resource population produced by crossing low-and high-growth lines of the Hinai-dori breed. The high-growth line was developed from a low-growth founder from the Preservation Society of the Hinai-dori breed by long-term selection for growth performance at the Akita Prefectural Livestock Experiment Station. In the present study, we determined the effect of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, AB604331: g.420 C＞A) in the 5′ -untranslated region of CCKAR on the growth traits of the F 2 population. A mismatch amplification mutation polymerase chain reaction assay was developed to distinguish between the 3 genotypes (A/A, A/C, and C/C) in the F 2 population, and the effect of the SNP on growth traits was estimated. The data showed that body weight at 10 and 14 weeks of age, and average daily gain between 4 and 10 weeks, 10 and 14 weeks, and 0 and 14 weeks of age in individuals with the A allele was superior to that in those with the C allele. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay was performed to clarify the contribution of the g. 420 C＞A SNP in the predicted YY1 binding site. As a result, the YY1 protein showed a stronger binding affinity for g.420 A probe, suggesting the possibility that the SNP affects transcriptional efficiency of the CCKAR. The A allele frequencies in the high-and low-growth lines maintained in fiscal year 2010 were 0.889 and 0.124, respectively. The difference in the allele frequencies of these lines is thought to be caused by long-term selection for growth performance since the probability was too significantly (P＜0.01) low to be caused by random genetic drift.